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Social influence and MNE strategic response to political risk: A global network approach

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Abstract

According to the conventional view of MNE–host country relations, MNEs faced with political risk condition their strategic responses on each party’s relative power positions – or bargaining influence. Drawing insight from network theory, institutional theory, and international relations research, I argue that firm sensitivity to political risk is contingent upon a complementary concept: social influence. Social influence arises through the mutual embeddedness of MNE and host government in a complex global network of nations. To test my hypotheses, I construct a global network of trade relations that I combine with a unique transaction-level dataset from the global petroleum industry. My results demonstrate that social influence, as modeled by home–host structural equivalence, moderates the effects of political risk. Further, my findings provide support for a conceptual and empirical distinction between social influence and the traditional bargaining influence examined in the literature.

Résumé

Selon la vision conventionnelle des relations entre les entreprises multinationales (EMN) et le pays hôte, les EMN confrontées à un risque politique conditionnent leurs réponses stratégiques à la position de pouvoir relatif - ou à l’influence de négociation - de chaque partie. En m’appuyant sur la théorie des réseaux, la théorie institutionnelle et la recherche sur les relations internationales, je soutiens que la sensibilité des entreprises au risque politique dépend d’un concept complémentaire: l’influence sociale. L’influence sociale naît de l’encastrement mutuel de l’EMN et du gouvernement hôte dans un réseau mondial complexe de nations. Pour vérifier mes hypothèses, je construis un réseau mondial de relations commerciales que je combine avec un ensemble unique de données transactionnelles concernant l’industrie pétrolière mondiale. Mes résultats démontrent que l’influence sociale, telle que modélisée par l’équivalence structurelle pays d’origine – pays hôte, atténue les effets du risque politique. De plus, mes résultats appuient une distinction conceptuelle et empirique entre l’influence sociale et la traditionnelle influence de négociation étudiée dans la littérature.

Resumen

Según la noción convencional de las relaciones de las EMN con los países anfitriones, las EMN que enfrentan riesgos políticos condicionan sus respuestas estratégicas a las posiciones de poder relativas de cada parte - o la influencia de la negociación. A partir de la teoría de redes, la teoría institucional y la investigación de relaciones internacionales, discuto que la sensibilidad de la empresa al riesgo político está supeditada a un concepto complementario: la influencia social. La influencia social surge a través de la inserción mutua de la EMN y el gobierno anfitrión en una red global compleja de naciones. Para probar mis hipótesis, construyo una red global de relaciones comerciales que combino con un conjunto de datos único a nivel de transacción de la industria petrolera mundial. Mis resultados demuestran que la influencia social, según el modelo de equivalencia estructural entre lugar de origen -anfitrión, modera los efectos del riesgo político. Además, mis hallazgos proporcionan apoyo para una distinción conceptual y empírica entre la influencia social y la influencia de negociación tradicional examinada en la literatura.

Resumo

De acordo com a visão convencional das relações entre MNEs e países anfitriões, MNEs que enfrentam riscos políticos condicionam suas respostas estratégicas nas relativas posições de poder de cada parte - ou influência de barganha. Inspirando-me na teoria de redes, teoria institucional e pesquisa em relações internacionais, defendo que a sensibilidade da empresa ao risco político depende de um conceito complementar: influência social. Influência social surge através da inserção mútua da MNE e do governo anfitrião em uma complexa rede global de nações. Para testar minhas hipóteses, construo uma rede global de relações comerciais que combino com um exclusivo conjunto de dados a nível de transação da indústria global de petróleo. Meus resultados demonstram que a influência social, modelada pela equivalência estrutural de país origem-anfitrião, modera os efeitos do risco político. Além disso, minhas descobertas suportam uma distinção conceitual e empírica entre influência social e a tradicional influência de negociação examinada na literatura.

摘要

根据跨国公司-东道国的国家关系的传统观点,面临政治风险的跨国公司会对各方相对的权力位置 – 或讨价还价的影响 – 调整其战略回应。从网络理论、制度理论以及国际关系研究中汲取经验,我认为企业对政治风险的敏感性取决于一个互补的概念:社会影响。社会影响来自跨国公司和东道国政府在复杂的全球国家网络中的相互嵌入。为了验证我的假设,我构建了一个全球贸易关系网络,我将其与来自全球石油行业独特的交易级数据集结合起来。我的研究结果表明,以母国-东道国结构对等为模型的社会影响,调节了政治风险的效果。此外,我的研究结果支持社会影响与文献中所讨论的传统讨价还价影响之间的理论和实证的区分。

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am grateful to IHS Herold for data access; to Robert Weiner, Meghana Ayyagari, Reid Click, Jennifer Spencer, Jorge Walter, Nathan Jensen, Jennifer Oetzel, Stewart Miller, Xiaowei Rose Luo, Jordan Siegel, Doug Frank, Ilya Cuypers and two anonymous reviewers for invaluable input, and to the GW Center for International Business Education and Research for generous support. All omissions and mistakes are my own.

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Cannizzaro, A.P. Social influence and MNE strategic response to political risk: A global network approach. J Int Bus Stud 51, 829–850 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00246-4

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