Abstract
The takamaka tree Calophyllum inophyllum is animportant component of indigenous coastal forests in the granitic Seychelles,found on most islands of the archipelago. In 1994, a fungal pathogen previouslyunrecorded in the Seychelles (Leptographium calophylli) wasdetected on takamaka. Since the first cases of the disease were observed, spreadof the disease has been rapid, both within and between islands. Attempts tocontrol the disease, involving both legislation and forest management, appear tohave had little impact in controlling the spread. In the six yearssince the disease was first recorded in the Seychelles, it has reached10 islands, including most of the large islands of the archipelago. Mortality ratesand rates of spread between trees appear to vary in different islands andsituations, but in some cases both appear to be high. This paper describes thedistribution of the disease in the granitic Seychelles six yearsafter it was first recorded, reviews the potential impact of the disease onconservation value and discusses management strategies to minimise the impact ofthe disease on endemic vertebrates.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beaver R.A. 1987. Biological studies on bark beetles of the Seychelles. Journal of Applied Entomology 104: 11–23.
Carlström A. 1996. Endemic and Threatened Plant Species on the Granitic Seychelles. Conservation & National Parks Section, Division of Environment, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Planning and Environment, Government of Seychelles.
Collar N.J. and Stuart S.N. 1985. Threatened birds of Africa and Related Islands. The IUCN/ICBP Red Data Book Part 1. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, UK.
Currie D., Bristol R., Millett J., Hill M., Bristol U., Parr S.J. et al. 2002. Habitat requirements of the Seychelles Black Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone corvina: a re-evaluation of translocation priorities. Ibis (in press).
FAO 1997. Emergency Assistance to Control Wilt Disease Infestation on Takamaka in the Republic of the Seychelles. Terminal statement prepared for the Government of Seychelles by the Food and Agriculture organisation of the United Nations. FAO, Rome.
Fleischmann K. 1997. Invasion of alien woody plants on the islands of Mahé and Silhouette, Seychelles. Journal of Vegetation Science 8: 5–12.
Friedmann F. 1994. Flore des Seychelles: Dicotylédones. Éditions de l'Orstom, Paris.
Gibbs J.N. and Wainhouse D. 1986. Spread of forest pests and pathogens in the northern hemisphere. Forestry 59: 141–153.
Hill M.J. 2001. Island Assessment Final Report (unpublished). BirdLife Seychelles, Mahé, Seychelles.
Hill M.J., Vel T., Holm K., Parr S.J. and Shah N.J. 2001. Island Assessment Report: North Island (unpublished). BirdLife Seychelles, Mahé, Seychelles.
Hill M.J., Vel T. and Shah N.J. 2002. The morphology, distribution and conservation implications of introduced rats Rattus spp. in the granitic Seychelles. African Journal of Ecology (in press).
Ivory M.H. and Andre W. 1994. A preliminary report of Verticillium wilt of takamaka (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) in Seychelles. African Journal of Mycology and Biotechnology 3: 169–170.
Ivory M.H., Andre W. and Vielle M.K. 1996. Wilt of takamaka (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) in Seychelles. Phelsuma 4: 43–47.
Marshall J.E. 1982. The larva of Polposipus herculeanus, with observations on its biology and phylogeny (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Tenebrioninae). Systematic Entomology 7: 333–346.
Racey P.A. and Nicoll M.E. 1984. Mammals of the Seychelles. In: Stoddart D.R. (ed.), Biogeography and Ecology of the Seychelles Islands. Junk Publishers, The Hague, the Netherlands, pp. 607–626.
Rocamora G. 1997. Rare and threatened species, sites and habitats monitoring programme in Seychelles. Project G1 EMPS Vols. 1– 3 (unpublished). Republic of Seychelles Ministry of Environment/ Birdlife International /EU.
Shah N.J. 1995a. Coastal zone management in the Seychelles. In: Lundin C.G. and Linden O. (eds), Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Seychelles. World Bank/SIDA, Washington, DC, pp. 14–125.
Shah N.J. 1995b. On the trail of a mystery disease. Tropical Forest Update: Newsletter of the International Tropical Timber Organisation 5: 20.
Siegel S. and Castellan N.J. 1988. Non-parametric Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences. 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
Stoddart D.R. 1984. Scientific studies in the Seychelles. In: Stoddart D.R. (ed.), Biogeography and Ecology of the Seychelles Islands. Junk Publishers, The Hague, the Netherlands, pp. 1–15.
von Broembsen S.L. 1989. Invasion of natural ecosystems by plant pathogens. In: Drake J.A., Mooney H.A., di Castri F., Groves R.H., Kruger F.J., Rejmánek M. et al. (eds), Biological Invasions: A Global Perspective. SCOPE 37. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK, pp. 77–83.
Vesey-Fitzgerald D. 1940. On the vegetation of Seychelles. Journal of Ecology 28: 465–483 and plates 26228.
Wainhouse D., Murphy S., Greig B., Webber J. and Vielle M. 1998. The role of the bark beetle Cryphalus trypanus in the transmission of the vascular wilt pathogen of the takamaka (Calophyllum inophyllum) in the Seychelles. Forest Ecology and Management 108: 193–199.
Watson J. 1981. The Seychelles Black Paradise Flycatcher (Terpsiphone corvina) on La Digue. World Wildlife Fund Project 1590: Endangered Landbirds, Final Report.
Webber J., Jacobs K. and Wingfield M.J. 1999. A re-examination of the vascular wilt pathogen of takamaka (Calophyllum inophyllum). Mycological Research 103: 1588–1592.
Wiehe P.O. 1949. Wilt of Calophyllum inophyllum L. var. tacamaha (Willd.) R.E.V. caused by Haplographium calophylli sp. nov. in Mauritius. Mycological Papers 29: 1–11.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hill, M., Currie, D. & Jivan Shah, N. The impacts of vascular wilt disease of the takamaka tree Calophyllum inophyllum on conservation value of islands in the granite Seychelles. Biodiversity and Conservation 12, 555–566 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022436916922
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022436916922