Abstract
Participatory Integrated Assessement (IA) methods complement analytical methods like IA-modeling in their explicit inclusion of stakeholders and decision-makers in the assessment. Integrated Assessment is perceived as a process of social learning involving scientists, stakeholders, policymakers and the society at large. We introduce a new approach to provide expert knowledge for participatory integrated assessments of regional climate change: `Interactive Citizen's Information Tools' (ICITs). ICITs provide citizens with expert knowledge about causes of climate change, potential impacts, and policy options to address anthropogenic climate change. In this paper we discuss the development and application of IMPACTS in IA-focus groups in Switzerland. IMPACTS is based on user-friendly hypermedia technologies and allows citizens to get informed on a broad range of potential climate change impacts – with an emphasison prevailing uncertainties. IA-focus groups are deliberative group discussions that make use of computer tools to support the discussion and assessment. The goal of IA-focus groups is to elicit how informed citizens judge the risks of anthropogenic climate change. Experiences with IMPACTS showed that the combination of focus groups with ICITs is a feasible and promising approach for a participatory IA of regional climate change, in particular, and of complex environmental issues, in general.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abegg, B., König, U., Bürki, R., and Elsasser, H.: 1998, 'Climate Impact Assessment in Tourism', Applied Geography and Development 51, 81–93.
Adhikary, S. et al.: 1996, 'Impacts of Climate Change on Mountain Regions', in Watson, R. T., Zinyowera, M. C., and Moss R. H. (eds.), Climate Change 1995-Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses, Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the IPCC, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 191–214.
Bader, S. and Kunz, P. (eds.): 1998, Klimarisiken-Herausforderung für die Schweiz: Wissenschaftlicher Schlussbericht des nationalen Forschungsprogrammes 'Klimaänderungen und Naturkatastrophen', NFP31. Programmleitung des Forschungsprogrammes 'Klimaänderungen und Naturkatastrophen', NFP31; vdf, Hochsu.-Verl. an der ETH, Zürich.
Bailey, P. D., Gough, C. A., Chadwick, M. J., Kuylenstierna, J. C. I., and McGranaham, G.: 1996, Methods for Integrated Assessment: Research Directions for the European Union, Stockholm Environmental Institute, Stockholm NL, p. 33.
Balsubramani, V. and Turoff, M.: 1995, 'A Systematic Approach to User Interface Design for Hypertext Systems', in Nunamaker, J. F. and Spprague, R. H. (eds.), Twenty-Eighth Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Science, IEEE Computer Society Press, Hawaii, pp. 241–250.
Bostrom, A., Morgan, M. G., Fischhoff, B., and Read, D.: 1994, 'What Do People Know About Global Climate Change? 1. Mental Models', Risk Analysis 14, 959–970.
Bruce, J. P., Lee, H., and Haites, E. F. (eds.): 1996, Climate Change 1995 – Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change, Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the IPCC, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Busby, J. R.: 1988, 'Potential Implications of Climate Change on Australia's Flora and Fauna', in Pearman G. I. (ed.), Greenhouse Planning for Climate Change, CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 387–398.
Cebon, P., Dahinden, U., Davies, H., Imboden, D. M., and Jaeger, C. C. (eds.): 1998, Views from the Alps: Regional Perspectives on Climate Change, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, p. 500.
Cohen, S. J.: 1997, 'Scientist-Stakeholer Collaboration in Integrated Assessment of Climate Change: Lessons from a Case Study of Northwest Canada', Environmental Modeling and Assessment 2, 281–293.
Dahinden, U., Querol, C., Jäger, J., and Nilsson, M.: 1999, Using Computer Models in Participatory Integrated Assessment – Experiences Gathered in the ULYSSES Project and Recommendations for Further Steps, WP-99-2, EAWAG.
de Vries, H. J. M.: 1995, SusClime, 11, RIVM.
Dowlatabadi, H. and Morgan, G.: 1993, 'A Model Framework for Integrated Studies of the Climate Problem', Energy Policy (March), 209–221.
Dürrenberger, G. et al.: 1997, Focus Groups in Integrated Assessment: A Manual for a Participatory Research, WP-97-2, Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Technology, Darmstadt University of Technology.
Dürrenberger, G., Kastenholz, H., and Behringer, J.: 1999, 'Integrated Assessment Focus Groups: Bridging the Gap between Science and policy?', Science & Public Policy 26, 341–349.
Fowler, A. M. and Hennessy, K. J.: 1995, 'Potential Impacts of Global Warming on the Frequency and Magnitude of Heavy Precipitation', Natural Hazards 11, 282–303.
Frei, C. and Schär, C.: 1999, 'Detection Probability of Trends in Rare Events: Theory and Application to Heavy Precipitation in the Alpine Region', J. Climate 14, 1568–1584.
Frei, C., Schär, C., Lüthi, D., and Davies, H. C.: 1998, 'Heavy Precipitation Processes in a Warmer Climate', Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1431–1434.
Funtowicz, S. O. and Ravetz, R. J.: 1990, Uncertainty and Quality in Science for Policy, Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences, 15, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 229.
Gyalistras, D., Schär, C., Davies, H. C., and Wanner, W.: 1998, 'Future Alpine Climate', in Cebon, P., Dahinden, U., Davies, H., Imboden, D., and Jaeger, C. (eds.), Views from the Alps: Regional Perspectives on Climate Change, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 171–223.
Houghton, J. J. et al. (eds.): 1996, Climate Change 1995-The Science of Climate Change, Contribution ofWGI to the Second Assessment Report of the IPCC, Cambridge University Press.
Imboden, D.: 1998, 'Introduction', in Cebon, P., Dahinden, U., Davies, H., Imboden, D., and Jaeger C. (eds.), Views from the Alps: Regional Perspectives on Climate Change, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 1–20.
Jaeger, C., Schüle, R., and Kasemir, B.: 1999, 'Focus Groups in Integrated Assessment: A Micro-Cosmos forR eflexive Modernization', The European Journal of Social Sciences 3, 195–219.
Jaeger, C. et al.: 1997, 'Procedural Leadership in Climate Policy: A European Task', Global Environ. Change 7, 195–203.
Jaeger, C. C., Beck, A., Bieri, L., Dürrenberger, G., and Rudel, R.: 1998a, Klimkapolitik: Eine Chance für die Schweiz. Das Potential innovativer regionaler Milieus zur Entwicklung praktikabler Strategien angesichts der Risiken einer globalen Klimaveränderung, vdf Hochschulverlag, Zürich.
Jaeger, C. C., Renn, O., Rosa, E. A., and Webler, T.: 1998b, 'Decision Analysis and Rational Action', in Rayner, S. and Malone, E. (eds.), Human Choice and Climate Change: The Tools for Policy Analysis, Human Choice and Climate Change: An International Social Science Assessment, Battelle Press, Washington, pp. 141–251.
Jasanoff, S. and Wynne, B.: 1998, 'Science and Decision-making', in Rayner, S. and Malone, E. L. (eds.), Human Choice and Climate Change, Batelle Press, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
Kasemir, B. et al.: 1999, Fear, Hope and Ambiguity: Citizens Perspectives on Climate Change and Energy Use, WP-99-1.
Kasemir, B. et al.: 1997, Focus Groups in Integrated Assessment: The ULYSSES Pilot Experience, WP-97-1, Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Technology, Darmstadt University of Technology.
Kasemir, B., Schibli, D., Stoll, S., and Jaeger, C. C.: 2000, 'Involving the Public in Climate and Energy Decisions', Environment 42, 32–42.
Malone, T. and Yohe, G.: 1992, 'Towards a General Method for Analysing Regional Impacts of Global Change', Global Environ. Change (June), 101–110.
Minsch, J. et al.: 1998, Institutionelle Reformen für eine Politik der Nachhaltigkeit, Springer, Berlin.
Morgan, G. and Dowlatabadi, H.: 1996, 'Learning from Integrated Assessment of Climate Change', Clim. Change 34, 337–368.
Morgan, G. and Henrion, M.: 1990, Uncertainty: A Guide to Dealing with Uncertainty in Quantitative Risk and Policy Analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 335 pp.
Nordhaus, W.: 1994, Managing the Global Commons, MIT Press, Cambridge.
Pahl-Wostl, C. et al.: 1998, 'Integrated Assessment of Climate Change and the Problem of Indeterminacy', in Cebon, P., Dahinden, U., Davies, H., Imboden, D., and Jaeger, C. (eds.), Views from the Alps: Regional Perspectives on Climate Change, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 435–498.
Parry, M. and Carter, T.: 1998, Climate Impact and Adaptation Assessment: A Guide to the IPCC Approach, Earthscan, London, p. 166.
Parson, E.: 1997, 'Informing Global Environmental Policy-Making: A Plea for New Methods of Assessment and Synthesis', Environ. Model. and Assess. 2, 267–279.
Parson, E. A.: 1996, 'Three Dilemmas in the Integrated Assessment of Climate Change', Clim. Change 34, 315–326.
Read, D., Bostrom, A., Morgan, M.G., Fischhoff, B., and Smuts, T.: 1994, 'What Do People Know About Global Climate Change? 2. Survey Studies of Educated Laypeople', Risk Analysis 14, 971–982.
Rosenberg, N. J. (ed.): 1993, Towards an Integrated Impact Assessment of Climate Change: The MINK Study, Kluwer, Boston.
Rosenberg, N. J. and Crosson, P. R.: 1991, 'The MINK Project: A New Methodology for Identifying Regional Influences and Responses to Increasing Atmospheric CO2 and Climate Change', Environmental Conservation 18, 313–322.
Rotmans, J.: 1998, 'Methods forIA: The Challenges and Opportunities Ahead', Environ. Model. Assess. 3, 155–179.
Rotmans, J. and De Vries, B. (eds.): 1997, Perspectives on Global Change: The TARGETS Approach, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
Rotmans, J. and Dowlatabadi, H.: 1998, 'Integrated Assessment Modeling', in Rayner, S. and Malone, E. (eds.), Human Choice and Climate Change: The Tools for Policy Analysis, Human Choice and Climate Change: An International Social Science Assessment, Battelle Press, Washington D.C., pp. 291–377.
Rotmans, J. and van Asselt, M.: 1996, 'Integrated Assessment: A Growing Child on Its Way to Maturity', Clim. Change 34, 327–336.
Rotmans, J. et al.: 1994, Global Change and Sustainable Development: A Modelling Perspective for the Next Decade, 461502004, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Schlumpf, C., Behringer, J., Dürrenberger, G., and Pahl-Wostl, C.: 1999, 'The Personal CO2 Calculator: A Modeling Tool for Participatory Integrated Assessment Methods', Environ. Model. Assess. 4.
Schneider, S. H.: 1997, 'Integrated Assessment Modeling of Global Climate Change: Transparent Rational Tool for Policy Making or Opaque Screen Hiding Value-Laden Assumptions?', Environ. Model. Assess. 2, 229–249.
Schneidewind, U. et al.: 1997, 'Institutionelle Reformen füreine Politik derNachhaltigk eit: Vom was zum wie in derNach haltigkeitsdebatte', GAIA 6, 182–196.
Toth, F. L.: 1988, 'Policy Exercises', Simulation & Games 19, 235–276.
van Asselt, M.: 1999, Uncertainty in Decision-Support: From Problem to Challenge, I99-E006, International Center for Integrative Studies (ICIS), Maastricht University.
van Asselt, M. B. A.: 2000, (in preparation)-a, 'Chapter 2: Integrated Assessment', Uncertainty and Risk in Perspective: The PRIMA Approach for Decision Support, Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
van Asselt, M. B. A.: 2000, (in preparation)-b, Uncertainty and Risk in Perspective: The PRIMA Approach for Decision Support, Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
van Asselt, M. B. A. and Rotmans, J.: 1996, 'Uncertainty in Perspective', Global Environ. Change 6, 121–157.
van Daalen, C. E., Thyssen, W. A. H., and Berk, M. M.: 1998, Experiences with a Dialogue Process between Policy Makers and Global Modellers, 410 200 017, Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management.
van der Sluijs, J.: 1996, Integrated Assessment Models and the Management of Uncertainty, WP-96-119, IIASA.
van der Sluijs, J. P.: 1997, Anchoring Amid Uncertainty; On the Management of Uncertainties in Risk Assessment of Anthropogenic Climate Change, CIP-Gegevens Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague, Utrecht.
Watson, R. T., Zinyowera, M. C., and Moss, R. H. (eds.): 1996, Climate Change 1995-Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses, Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the IPCC, Cambridge University Press.
Watson, R. T., Zinyowera, M. C., and Moss, R. H. (eds.): 1998, The Regional Impacts of Climate Change-An Assessment of Vulnerability, A Special Report of IPCC Working Group II, Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, p. 517.
Weyant, J. et al.: 1996, 'Integrated Assessment of Climate Change: An Overview and Comparison of Approaches and Results', in Bruce, J. P., Lee H., and Haites, E. F. (eds.), Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change, Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the IPCC, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 367–396.
Willi, N. and Dahinden, U.: 1998, Klimaveränderung im Urteil von Bürgerinnen und Bürgern: Zwischenbericht über 10 Fokusgruppen, durchgeführt im Rahmen des CLEAR Projekts 'Integrated Climate Risk Assessment' (ICRA), EAWAG.
Yates, D. N. and Strzepek, K. M.: 1998, 'An Assessment of Integrated Climate Change Impacts on the Agricultural Economy of Egypt', Clim. Change 38, 261–287.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schlumpf, C., Pahl-Wostl, C., Schönborn, A. et al. Impacts. Climatic Change 51, 199–241 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012228218492
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012228218492