Skip to main content
Log in

A note on maximum likelihood estimation for mixture models

  • Short Communication
  • Published:
Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Practitioners as well as some statistics students often blindly use standard software or algorithms to get maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) without checking the validity of existence of such an estimator. Even in simple situations where data comes from mixtures of Gaussians, global MLE does not exist. This note is intended as a teachers corner, highlighting existential issues related to MLE for mixture models, even when the components are not necessarily Gaussian.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Chen, J., Li, S., & Tan, X. (2016). Consistency of the penalized MLE for two-parameter gamma mixture models. Science China Mathematics, 59, 2301–2318.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J., & Tan, X. (2009). Inference for multivariate normal mixtures. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 100, 1367–1383.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J., Tan, X., & Zhang, R. (2008). Inference for normal mixtures in mean and variance. Statistica Sinica, 18, 443–465.

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Day, N. E. (1969). Estimating the components of a mixture of normal distributions. Biometrika, 56, 463–474.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hathaway, R. J. (1985). A constrained formulation of maximum-likelihood estimation for normal mixture distributions. The Annals of Statistics, 13, 795–800.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hogg, R. V., & Tanis, E. A. (1993). Probability and Statistical Inference (4th ed.). New York: Macmillan.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, D., & Seo, B. (2014). Assessment of the number of components in Gaussian mixture models in the presence of multiple local maximizers. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 125, 100–120.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Li, B., & Babu, G. J. (2019). A Graduate Course on Statistical Inference. New York: Springer.

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • McLachlan, G. J., & Peel, D. (2000). Finite Mixture Models. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Seo, B., & Kim, D. (2012). Root selection in normal mixture models. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 56, 2454–2470.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Small, C., Wang, J., & Yang, Z. (2000). Eliminating multiple root problems in estimation (with discussion). Statistical Science, 15, 313–341.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Snoussi, H., & Mohammad-Djafari, A. (2002). Penalized maximum likelihood for multivariate Gaussian mixture. AIP Conference Proceedings, 617, 36–46.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank the associate editor and the anonymous referees for constructive comments, which helped in improving the paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. Jogesh Babu.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Babu, G.J. A note on maximum likelihood estimation for mixture models. J. Korean Stat. Soc. 51, 1327–1333 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42952-022-00180-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42952-022-00180-6

Keywords

Navigation