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Recent progress of vanadium-based alloys for fusion application

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Abstract

Low-activation vanadium alloys, with the reference composition of V–4Cr–4Ti have been considered as one of the most promising candidate materials for structural components such as the blanket in future fusion reactors, thanks to their excellent neutron irradiation resistance, superior high-temperature mechanical properties, and high compatibility with liquid lithium blankets. The self-cooled liquid lithium blanket using structural materials of vanadium alloys is an attractive concept because of the high heat transfer and high tritium breeding capability. After more than 2 decades of research, technological progress has been made in reducing the number of critical issues for application of vanadium alloys to fusion reactors. In this paper, the recent research and development activities of vanadium alloys are summarized, including significant progress achieved on fabrication technology and composition optimization, coating and corrosion, improved understanding of irradiation effects upon microstructure and material properties, retention of hydrogen isotopes, as well as advancements in joining and welding. In particular, the fact that recent products from China, Japan, US and France showed similar properties which meant the fabrication technology has been almost standardized.

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Fig. 1

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [19]. Copyright 2012 Elsevier

Fig. 2

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [27]. Copyright 2002 Elsevier

Fig. 3

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [41]. Copyright 2016 Elsevier; c bubbles formed after He+ irradiation; d Ti-rich precipitate formation after H+ irradiation. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [42]. Copyright 2017 Elsevier

Fig. 4

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [50]. Copyright 2009 Elsevier

Fig. 5

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [54]. Copyright 2020 Elsevier

Fig. 6

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [58]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier

Fig. 7

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [67]. Copyright 2016 Elsevier

Fig. 8

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [87]. Copyright 2013 Elsevier

Fig. 9

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [11]. Copyright 2011 Elsevier

Fig. 10

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [90]. Copyright 2020 Elsevier; b vanadium alloy/steel. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [92]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier; c CDS V alloy and V–4Cr–4Ti Reproduced with permission from Ref. [93]. Copyright 2020 Elsevier

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11474167 and 51501097), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. ZR2014EMP005), the Innovation Team of Jinan (Grant No. 2019GXRC035), and the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province of China (Grant No. 2019QYTPY057)

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  1. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China

    Shao-Ning Jiang, Fu-Jie Zhou, Chang-Wang Yu, Xiu-Jie Wang & Wei-Feng Rao

  2. Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan, 250353, China

    Shao-Ning Jiang, Fu-Jie Zhou, Chang-Wang Yu, Xiu-Jie Wang & Wei-Feng Rao

  3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Gao-Wei Zhang & Xiao-Ou Yi

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Shao-Ning Jiang and Fu-Jie Zhou wrote the draft; Gao-Wei Zhang, Xiao-Ou Yi and Wei-Feng Rao contributed to conceiving the idea of the study; Chang-Wang Yu and Xiu-Jie Wang collected the data. All the authors contributed to the writing and revisions.

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Jiang, SN., Zhou, FJ., Zhang, GW. et al. Recent progress of vanadium-based alloys for fusion application. Tungsten 3, 382–392 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42864-021-00107-4

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