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Abattoir Site Suitability Modeling Using a Geographic Information System and Multi-Criteria Evaluation–A Case Study of Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia

Modellierung der Schlachthofeignung unter Verwendung Geographischer Informationssysteme und Multikriterienevaluation – Eine Fallstudie zu Dire Dawa City, Äthiopien

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Abstract

An abattoir is an essential urban plant that provides services to the community by slaughtering animals, examining, and certifying carcasses, and transporting them to butchers in a residential area hygienically. However, development activities, rapid population growth, and expansion of urban and industrial areas have caused abattoirs to face environmental hazards induced by some neighboring practices; this condition is often the same or worse within and nearby areas of some municipal abattoirs in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to model and identify the suitable locations with the utmost potential to contribute to the establishment of environmentally sound, socially acceptable, and economically feasible abattoirs in Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia. We applied an integrated modeling approach using an automated Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with Multi-Criteria evaluation (MCE) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The criteria evaluation for suitable site identification and mapping was based on experts' references accompanied by 14 environmental and socioeconomic factors— topographic features (elevation and slopes), land use and land cover, wind direction, solar radiation, and proximity to roads, railways, industrial sites, social services, hydrowells, bus stations, high-tension lines, distance from the airport, and streams—adopted from literature and generated from open-source data. The abattoir suitability map was produced using a linear combination operation after individual factors were weighted and reclassified to a standard scale divided into four classes ranging from restricted to highly suitable. Based on the applied methods, the analysis results revealed that 14.33% of the area was highly suitable, 43.67% moderately to less suitable, and 42% restricted. Moreover, the optimal candidate site for abattoir development with good access to roads and railways covering an area of 1 km2 has been found in the northern part of the city. Hence, municipal planners and decision-makers can use the study's findings as a baseline for sustainable abattoir establishment while supporting future efforts to reduce the adverse environmental risks of abattoirs and meat-processing operations to surrounding communities.

Zusammenfassung

Ein Schlachthof ist eine wesentliche städtische Anlage, die der Gemeinschaft Dienstleistungen erbringt, indem sie Tiere schlachtet, untersucht und Schlachtkörper zertifiziert und hygienisch zu Metzgern in einem Wohngebiet transportiert. Entwicklungsaktivitäten, schnelles Bevölkerungswachstum und die Ausdehnung städtischer und industrieller Gebiete haben jedoch dazu geführt, dass Schlachthöfe durch einige benachbarte Praktiken mit Umweltrisiken konfrontiert sind; dieser Zustand ist innerhalb und in der Nähe einiger kommunaler Schlachthöfe in Äthiopien oft gleich oder noch schlimmer. Ziel dieser Studie war die Modellierung und Identifizierung geeigneter Standorte, die das größte Potenzial haben, zur Einrichtung umweltverträglicher, sozial akzeptabler und wirtschaftlich geeigneter Schlachthöfe in Dire Dawa City, Äthiopien, beizutragen. Wir wendeten einen integrierten Modellierungsansatz an, bei dem ein automatisiertes Geographisches Informationssystem (GIS) mit einer multikriteriellen Bewertung (MCE) und einem analytischen Hierarchieprozess (AHP) verknüpft wurde. Die Bewertung der Kriterien für die Identifizierung und Kartierung geeigneter Standorte erfolgte auf der Grundlage von Expertenempfehlungen sowie 14 ökologischen und sozioökonomischen Faktoren: topographische Merkmale (Höhe und Neigung), Landnutzung und Bodenbedeckung, Windrichtung, Sonneneinstrahlung und Nähe zu Straßen, Eisenbahnen, Industriestandorten, sozialen Einrichtungen, Wasserbrunnen, Busstationen, Hochspannungsleitungen, Entfernung zum Flughafen und Bächen. Diese wurden aus der Literatur übernommen und aus offenen Daten generiert. Die Karte der Schlachthof-Eignung wurde mit Hilfe einer linearen Kombination erstellt, nachdem die einzelnen Faktoren gewichtet und auf einer Standardskala in vier Klassen eingeteilt worden waren, die von eingeschränkt bis sehr geeignet reichten. Auf der Grundlage der angewandten Methoden ergaben die Analyseergebnisse, dass 14,33% der Fläche sehr geeignet, 43,67% mäßig bis weniger geeignet und 42% eingeschränkt geeignet waren. Darüber hinaus wurde im nördlichen Teil der Stadt ein optimaler Standort für die Entwicklung eines Schlachthofs mit guter Anbindung an Straßen und Eisenbahnlinien auf einer Fläche von 1 km² gefunden. Daher können kommunale Planerinnen und Planer sowie Entscheidungsträgerinnen und -träger die Ergebnisse der Studie als Grundlage für die nachhaltige Ansiedlung von Schlachthöfen nutzen und gleichzeitig künftige Bestrebungen unterstützen, die negativen Umweltrisiken von Schlachthöfen und fleischverarbeitenden Betrieben für die umliegenden Gemeinden zu verringern.

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Yasin, K.H., Weldemariam, E.C., Woldemariam, G.W. et al. Abattoir Site Suitability Modeling Using a Geographic Information System and Multi-Criteria Evaluation–A Case Study of Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia. KN J. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. 73, 161–178 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42489-023-00134-w

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