Abstract
In this work, solvent effects on graphene oxide (GO) in liquid water were analyzed in terms of hydrogen bonds and electronic properties. The sequential Monte Carlo/quantum mechanics simulation was used to generate the molecular structures of the GO sheet structure in aqueous solution. It was observed a large increase of approximately 130\(\%\) in the dipole moments of the GO sheets in water solvent and hydrogen bonding statistics were obtained. In addition, INDO/CIS quantum mechanics calculations were performed in the super-molecular generated structures in order to obtain the ultraviolet–visible spectra for GO in liquid water. These theoretical results were supported by our experimental data.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dimiev AM, Eigler S (2016) Graphene oxide: fundaments and applications. Wiley, London
Dikin DA, Stankovich S, Zimney EJ, Piner RD, Dommett GHB, Evmenenko G, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS (2007) Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide. Nature 448:457. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06016
Stoller MD, Park S, Zhu Y, An J, Ruoff RS (2008) Graphene-based ultracapacitors. Nano Lett 8:3498. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl802558y
Lu C, Yang H, Zhu C, Chen X, Chen G (2009) A graphene platform for sensing biomolecules. Angew Chem Int Ed 48:4785. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200901479
Kymakis E, Savva K, Stylianakis MM, Fotakis C, Stratakis E (2013) Flexible organic photovoltaic cells with in situ nonthermal photoreduction of spin-coated graphene oxide electrodes. Adv Funct Mater 23:2742. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201202713
Brodie BC (1860) Sur le poids atomique du graphite. Ann Chim Phys 59:466
Hummers WS, Offeman RE (1958) Preparation of graphitic oxide. J Am Chem Soc 80:1339. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01539a017
Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Dommett GHB, Kohlhaas KM, Zimney EJ, Stach EA, Piner RD, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS (2006) Graphene-based composite materials. Nature 442:282. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04969
Cai W, Piner RD, Stadermann FJ, Park S, Shaibat MA, Ishii Y, Yang D, Velamakanni A, An SJ, Stoller M, An J, Chen JM, Ruoff RS (2008) Synthesis and solid-state nmr structural characterization of 13c-labeled graphite oxide. Science 321:1815. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1162369
Plotnikov VG, Smirnov VA, Alfimov MV, Shulga YM (2011) The graphite oxide photoreduction mechanism. High Energy Chem 45:411. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0018143911050158
López-Díaz D, Holgado ML, García-Fierro JL, Velázquez MM (2017) Evolution of the raman spectrum with the chemical composition of graphene oxide. J Phys Chem C 121:20489. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b06236
Ozcan S, Vempati S, Çırpan A, Uyar T (2018) Associative behaviour and effect of functional groups on the fluorescence of graphene oxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 20:7559. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CP08334C
Konios D, Stylianakis MM, Stratakis E, Kymakis E (2014) Dispersion behaviour of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. J Colloid Interface Sci 430:108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2014.05.033
Junqueira GMA, Mendonça JPA, Lima AH, Quirino WG, Sato F (2016) Enhancement of nonlinear optical properties of graphene oxide-based structures: push–pull models. RSC Adv 6:94437. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA18314J
Neto AP, Fileti EE (2018) Elucidating the amphiphilic character of graphene oxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 20:9507. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CP00797G
Rouzière S, Launois P, Benito AM, Maser WK, Paineau E (2018) Unravelling the hydration mechanism in a multi-layered graphene oxide paper by in-situ x-ray scattering. Carbon 137:379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.05.043
Lima AH, Mendonça JP, Duarte M, Stavale F, Legnani C, Carvalho GSGD, Maciel IO, Sato F, Fragneaud B, Quirino WG (2017) Reduced graphene oxide prepared at low temperature thermal treatment as transparent conductors for organic electronic applications. Org Electron 49:165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2017.05.054
Allen MP, Tildesley DJ (1987) Computer simulation of liquids. Oxford, London
Metropolis N, Rosenbluth AW, Rosenbluth MN, Teller AH, Teller E (1953) Ab initio calculation of hydrogen bonds in liquids: a sequential monte carlo quantum mechanics study of pyridine in water. J Chem Phys 21:1087. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699114
Coutinho K, Rivelino R, Georg HC, Canuto S (2008) Solvation effects on molecules and biomolecules. Computational methods and applications. Springer, Berlin
Jorgensen WL, Briggs JM, Contreras ML (1990) Relative partition coefficients for organic solutes from fluid simulations. J Phys Chem 94:1683. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100367a084
Jorgensen WL, Chandrasekhar J, Madura JD, Impey RW, Klein ML (1983) Comparison of simple potential functions for simulating liquid water. J Chem Phys 79:926. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.445869
Berendsen HJC, Postma JPM, van Gunsteren WF, Hermans J (1981) Interaction models of water in relation to protein hydration. In: Pullman B (ed) Intermolecular forces: proceedings of the fourteenth Jerusalem symposium on quantum chemistry and biochemistry. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp 331–342
Coutinho K, Georg HC, Fonseca TL, Ludwig V, Canuto S (2007) An efficient statistically converged average configuration for solvent effects. Chem Phys Lett. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2007.02.012
Neese F (2012) The orca program system, Wiley interdisciplinary reviews: computational molecular. Science 2(1):73. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcms.81
Neese F (2018) Software update: the orca program system, version 4.0, Wiley interdisciplinary reviews: computational molecular. Science 8(1):e1327. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcms.1327
DICE, version 2.8; University of São Paulo (2000)
Modesto-Costa L, Mukherjee PK, Canuto S (2016) A caspt2 study of the spectral shift of the resonance emission lines of Rb and Cs embedded in liquid He. Chem Phys Lett 655–656:91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2016.05.040
Ludwig V, Coutinho K, Canuto S (2004) Sequential classical-quantum description of the absorption spectrum of the hydrated electron. Phys Rev B 70:21411. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.70.214110
Lacerda EG, Sauer SPA, Mikkelsen K, Coutinho K, Canuto S (2018) Theoretical study of the nmr chemical shift of Xe in supercritical condition. J Mol Model 24:62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-018-3600-4
Malaspina T, Coutinho K, Canuto S (2002) Ab initio calculation of hydrogen bonds in liquids: a sequential monte carlo quantum mechanics study of pyridine in water. J Chem Phys 117(4):1692. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1485963
Stilinger FH, Rahman A (1974) Improved simulation of liquid water by molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 60:1545. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1681229
Stilinger FH (1975) Theory and molecular models for water. Adv Chem Phys 31:1. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470143834.ch1
Ridley J, Zerner M (1973) An intermediate neglect of differential overlap technique for spectroscopy: pyrrole and the azines. Theor Chim Acta 32:111. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00528484
Zerner MC (1991) Semiempirical Molecular Orbital Methods. In: Lipkowitz KB, Boyd DB (eds) Reviews in computational chemistry, vol 2. VCH, New York
Saxena S, Tyson TA, Shukla S, Negusse E, Chen H, Bai J (2011) Investigation of structural and electronic properties of graphene oxide. Appl Phys Lett 99:013104. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3607305
Acknowledgements
The authors thanks to brazilian funds Cnpq, Fapemig and the high-performance computer facilities of CENAPAD-SP and LNCC and the National Laboratory for Scientific Computing (LNCC/MCTI, Brazil) for providing HPC resources of the SDumont supercomputer, which have contributed to the research results reported within this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ludwig, V., de Mendonça, J.P.A., de Lima, A.H. et al. Graphene oxide in water: a systematic computational experimental study. Graphene Technol 5, 1–8 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41127-019-00028-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41127-019-00028-7