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Is Community Noise Associated with Metabolic Control in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease?

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Abstract

This study aimed to explore the association between community noise exposure and indicators of metabolic control (blood lipids and glucose) among Bulgarian patients with CVD. A representative cross-sectional sample (\(n = 217\)) was taken from three tertiary hospitals in the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. We collected blood samples, anthropometric measurements, and data on sociodemographics, lifestyle, medical conditions, and housing characteristics. A global noise annoyance (GNA) scale was constructed based on different residential noise annoyances. Day-evening-night (\(L_{\mathrm{den}})\) and nighttime (\(L_\mathrm{night})\) road traffic noise levels were determined in a subsample of 132 participants at their living room and bedroom façades, respectively, and further corrected to indoor levels, based on the window-opening frequency, orientation of rooms, and soundproofing insulation. Multilevel linear models were employed to study the effect of these noise indicators on participants’ lipid profile and blood glucose. The most consistent finding was for triglycerides, which increased significantly per one interquartile range increase in GNA (0.26 mmol/l, 95% CI 0.04, 0.47) and per 5 dB increase in outdoor \(L_\mathrm{den}\) (0.24 mmol/l, 95% CI 0.12, 0.35), indoor \(L_\mathrm{den}\) (0.18 mmol/l, 95% CI 0.08, 0.28), and indoor \(L_\mathrm{night}\) (0.08 mmol/l, 95% CI 0.001, 0.16). Outdoor (0.16 mmol/l, 95% CI 0.02, 0.29) and indoor (0.13 mmol/l, 95% CI 0.01, 0.25) \(L_\mathrm{den}\) were associated with an increase in LDL-cholesterol. In sensitivity analyses, we identified several effect modifiers of the relationship between noise and total cholesterol. To conclude, community noise exposure could be an important risk factor for unsatisfactory blood lipid control.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all patients who participated in the study, the administrations of the involved hospitals, and staff members who facilitated data collection

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hygiene and Ecomedicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, No. 15-A Vassil Aprilov Boulevard, 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Angel M. Dzhambov & Penka D. Gatseva

  2. Section of Cardiology, First Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Mariya P. Tokmakova, Nikolai G. Zdravkov, Dolina G. Gencheva & Krasimir I. Karastanev

  3. Clinic of Cardiology, UMHAT “Sv. Georgi” EAD Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Mariya P. Tokmakova, Nikolai G. Zdravkov, Dolina G. Gencheva & Krasimir I. Karastanev

  4. Medical College, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Stefka V. Vladeva

  5. Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, “Kaspela” University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Stefka V. Vladeva & Emanuela V. Vasileva

  6. Department of Urology and General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Nevena G. Ivanova

  7. “St. Karidad” Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Nevena G. Ivanova & Alexandar T. Donchev

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  1. Angel M. Dzhambov
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  2. Mariya P. Tokmakova
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Correspondence to Angel M. Dzhambov.

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Dzhambov, A.M., Tokmakova, M.P., Gatseva, P.D. et al. Is Community Noise Associated with Metabolic Control in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease?. Acoust Aust 45, 61–75 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40857-017-0080-0

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