Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Simulation analysis of thermal performance of the pond roof in sustainability and optimization of energy consumption and compare it with green roof by design builder software (case study: Yazd City)

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Modeling Earth Systems and Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pond roof system is one of the best ways to save energy. This article has been done to evaluate the thermal behavior of the pond roof in optimizing the energy consumption of residential buildings in Yazd with hot and dry climate and also compared the results of other studies on the proper height of the water layer on the pond roof and its comparison with green roof. The research method is quantitative, and library and documentary studies have been used to complete the literature. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of factors affecting the thermal performance of roof pond systems, such as water height on the annual energy consumption, and evaluating the sustainability and efficiency of using roof pond systems in the hot and dry climate of Yazd City. Design Builder software is the energy simulator program used in this study. First, using energy simulator software (Design Builder), the effect of green roof with different bed layers and pond roof with different water heights on the annual energy consumption of a residential building in Yazd w investigated. It also calculates the cooling and heating load based on the ASHRAE standard using the heat balance used in Energy Plus. The results show that with increasing water layer height, the building better performance in energy efficiency. Evaluating the height of the water layer 5–15–25–35–45–55–65 cm respectively 7.77%, 8.11%, 8.54%, 8.91%, 9.15%, 9.53%, 9.86% in annual energy consumption in the simulated residential sample has been saved and also compared to conventional roof has about 86% less heat transfer and compared to green roof about 11 times in optimizing annual heating energy and about 1.4 times in optimizing annual cooling energy and about. It has 1.8 times better thermal performance in annual energy consumption, and by examining the amount of water consumption for storage with gray water regeneration and also the optimal thermal performance of the closed roof pond with fixed insulation cover, the appropriate height of the pond was determined to be about 30 cm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdulla FA, Al-Shareef AW (2009) Roof rainwater harvesting systems for household water supply in Jordan. Desalination 243(1–3):195–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez S, Molina JL. Santamouris M (2003) Cooling by natural sinks (pp. 140–162). London, pp: James & James

  • Bravo G, González E (2013) Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated spaces and under indirect evaporative passive cooling conditions in hot–humid climate. Energy Build 63:79–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheshmidari MN, Hatefi Ardakani AH, Alipor H, Shojaei S (2017) Applying Delphi method in prioritizing intensity of flooding in Ivar watershed in Iran. Spat Inf Res 25(2):173–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Dehghani AA, Bahremand AR, Shojaei S (2017) Intelligent estimation of flood hydrographs using an adaptive neuro–fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Model Earth Syst Environ 3(1):1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Duan Z, Kang J, Li J, Zhao X (2022) Simulation for the thermal performance of super-hydrophilic fabric evaporative cooling roof based on experimental results. J Build Eng 52:104377

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebadati M, Ehyaei MA (2020) Reduction of energy consumption in residential buildings with green roofs in three different climates of Iran. Adv Build Energy Res 14(1):66–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Farzi A, Mehrabadi J (2019) Systematic Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of On-site Greywater Reuse in Iran Based on Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. Iran Water Resour Res 15(4):328–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferdyn-Grygierek J, Grygierek K, Gumińska A, Krawiec P, Oćwieja A, Poloczek R, Żukowska-Tejsen D (2021) Passive cooling solutions to improve thermal comfort in polish dwellings. Energies 14(12):3648

    Google Scholar 

  • Filippın C (2000) Benchmarking the energy efficiency and greenhouse gases emissions of school buildings in central Argentina. Build Environ 35(5):407–414

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghalenoei E, Dettmer J, Ali MY, Kim JW (2021) Gravity and magnetic joint inversion for basement and salt structures with the reversible-jump algorithm. Geophys J Int 227(2):746–758

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamidy N, Alipur H, Nasab SNH, Yazdani A, Shojaei S (2016) Spatial evaluation of appropriate areas to collect runoff using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographical Information System (GIS) (case study: the catchment “Kasef” in Bardaskan. Model Earth Syst Environ 2(4):1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain D (2006) Modeling of solar passive techniques for roof cooling in arid regions. Build Environ 41(3):277–287

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain N, Burman E, Stamp S, Shrubsole C, Bunn R, Oberman T, Davies M (2021) Building performance evaluation of a new hospital building in the UK: Balancing indoor environmental quality and energy performance. Atmosphere 12(1):115

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadaverugu A, Kadaverugu R, Chintala NR, Gorthi KV (2021) Flood vulnerability assessment of urban micro-watersheds using multi-criteria decision making and InVEST model: a case of Hyderabad City, India. Model Earth Syst Environm 1:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Dinsdale RM, Guwy AJ (2009) Illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals in the environment–Forensic applications of environmental data. Part 1: Estimation of the usage of drugs in local communities. Environm Pollut 157(6):1773–1777

    Google Scholar 

  • Kharrufa SN, Noori F (2022) A review of thermal design for buildings in hot climates. Pertanika J Sci Technol 30(1):813–839

    Google Scholar 

  • Krivtsov V, Birkinshaw S, Yahr R, Olive V (2021) Comparative ecosystem analysis of urban ponds: implications for synergistic benefits and potential trade-offs resulting from retrofitting of green roofs in their catchments. Int J Environm Impacts 4(4):323–339

    Google Scholar 

  • La Roche P, Berardi U (2014) Comfort and energy savings with active green roofs. Energy Build 82:492–504

    Google Scholar 

  • La Roche P (2018) Passive cooling systems in times of climate change. In Activism in Architecture (pp. 93–107). Routledge‏

  • Madhurab KR (2022) Analysis of Thermal Performance, Efficiency, and Effectiveness of a Straight Porous Fin with Variable Thermal Conductivity. J Eng Phys Thermophys 95(2):392–401

    Google Scholar 

  • Moosavi R, Vakilinezhhad R (2021) Experimental evaluation of summer thermal comfort in various types of Sardab (Cellar): underground space in Iran vernacular houses. J Heat Mass Transfer Res 8(1):1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Morales-Pinzón T, Lurueña R, Rieradevall J, Gasol CM, Gabarrell X (2012) Financial feasibility and environmental analysis of potential rainwater harvesting systems: A case study in Spain. Resour Conserv Recycl 69:130–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Mun JS, Han MY (2012) Design and operational parameters of a rooftop rainwater harvesting system: definition, sensitivity and verification. J Environ Manage 93(1):147–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Mushtaha E, Salameh T, Kharrufa S, Mori T, Aldawoud A, Hamad R, Nemer T (2021) The impact of passive design strategies on cooling loads of buildings in temperate climate. Case Stud Thermal Eng 28:101588

    Google Scholar 

  • Okoye CO, Solyalı O, Akıntuğ B (2015) Optimal sizing of storage tanks in domestic rainwater harvesting systems: A linear programming approach. Resour Conserv Recycl 104:131–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearlmutter D, Berliner P (2017) Experiments with a ‘psychrometric’roof pond system for passive cooling in hot-arid regions. Energy Build 144:295–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Piri I, Khanamani A, Shojaei S, Fathizad H (2017) Determination of the best geostatistical method for climatic zoning in Iran. Appl Ecol Environ Res 15(1):93–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Pourabadeh A, Baharinikoo L, Shojaei S, Mehdizadeh B, Davoodabadi Farahani M, Shojaei S (2020) Experimental design and modelling of removal of dyes using nano-zero-valent iron: a simultaneous model. Int J Environ Anal Chem 100(15):1707–1719

    Google Scholar 

  • Raeissi S, Taheri M (2000) Skytherm: an approach to year-round thermal energy sufficient houses. Renewable Energy 19(4):527–543

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapisarda R, Nocera F, Costanzo V, Sciuto G, Caponetto R (2022) Hydroponic green roof systems as an alternative to traditional pond and green roofs: a literature review. Energies 15(6):2190

    Google Scholar 

  • Refahi AH, Talkhabi H (2015) Investigating the effective factors on the reduction of energy consumption in residential buildings with green roofs. Renewable Energy 80:595–603

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandberg NH, Næss JS, Brattebø H, Andresen I, Gustavsen A (2021) Large potentials for energy saving and greenhouse gas emission reductions from large-scale deployment of zero emission building technologies in a national building stock. Energy Policy 152:112114

    Google Scholar 

  • Santamouris M, Kolokotsa D (2013) Passive cooling dissipation techniques for buildings and other structures: The state of the art. Energy Build 57:74–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharifi A, Yoshiki Y (2015) Roof ponds as passive heating and cooling systems. Syst Rev 160:336–357

    Google Scholar 

  • Shojaei S, Shojaei S, Band SS, Farizhandi AAK, Ghoroqi M, Mosavi A (2021a) Application of Taguchi method and response surface methodology into the removal of malachite green and auramine-O by NaX nanozeolites. Sci Rep 11(1):1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Shojaei S, Jafarpour A, Shojaei S, Gyasi-Agyei Y, Rodrigo-Comino J (2021b) Heavy metal uptake by plants from wastewater of different pulp concentrations and contaminated soils. J Clean Prod 296:126345

    Google Scholar 

  • Spanaki A (2007) Comparative studies on different type of roof ponds for cooling purposes: literature review. National Technical University of Athens, Greece, pp 1009–1013

    Google Scholar 

  • Spanaki A, Tsoutsos T, Kolokotsa D (2011) On the selection and design of the proper roof pond variant for passive cooling purposes. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 15(8):3523–3533

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang R, Etzion Y (2005) Cooling performance of roof ponds with gunny bags floating on water surface as compared with a movable insulation. Renewable Energy 30(9):1373–1385

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomaidi V, Petousi I, Kotsia D, Kalogerakis N, Fountoulakis MS (2022) Use of green roofs for greywater treatment: Role of substrate, depth, plants, and recirculation. Sci Total Environ 807:151004

    Google Scholar 

  • van Hooff T, Blocken B, Hensen JLM, Timmermans HJP (2014) On the predicted effectiveness of climate adaptation measures for residential buildings. Build Environ 82:300–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Vijaykumar KCK, Srinivasan PSS, Dhandapani S (2007) A performance of hollow clay tile (HCT) laid reinforced cement concrete (RCC) roof for tropical summer climates. Energy Build 39(8):886–892

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward S, Barr S, Butler D, Memon FA (2012) Rainwater harvesting in the UK: Socio-technical theory and practice. Technol Forecast Soc Chang 79(7):1354–1361

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu X, Feng Z, Chen H, Qin Y, Zheng S, Wang L, Skibniewski MJ (2022) Intelligent optimization framework of near zero energy consumption building performance based on a hybrid machine learning algorithm. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 167:112703

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Shojaei S, Shojaei S (2022) Removal of drug and dye from aqueous solutions by graphene oxide: Adsorption studies and chemometrics methods. NPJ Clean Water 5(1):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Zabidi HA, Goh HW, Chang CK, Chan NW, Zakaria NA (2020) A review of roof and pond rainwater harvesting systems for water security: The design, performance and way forward. Water 12(11):3163

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

    Mehdi Goleh Kheili & Niloufar Nikghadam

  2. Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design, University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani

Authors
  1. Mehdi Goleh Kheili
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Niloufar Nikghadam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Niloufar Nikghadam.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kheili, M.G., Nikghadam, N. & Shemirani, S.M.M. Simulation analysis of thermal performance of the pond roof in sustainability and optimization of energy consumption and compare it with green roof by design builder software (case study: Yazd City). Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 9, 1759–1774 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-022-01529-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-022-01529-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation