Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Study on Cutting Force and Surface Topography of Peripheral Milling CFRP

  • Research paper
  • Published:
Experimental Techniques Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

When constant parameters are used for peripheral milling CFRP, it is difficult to meet the requirement of high quality, so variable parameters machining is proposed. First, the response surface method was used to explore the effect of changing cutting conditions on the interaction of spindle speed, cutting depth and feed speed on radial force. The surface topography and roughness after the test were observed and analyzed. The results show that defects are more likely to occur at the entrance and the exit area than the central area. Taking the minimum radial force as the experimental goal, the optimal parameters combination was obtained and used for finite element and experimental verification. Second, the variable parameters milling were used the cemented carbide tool and PCD tool. The radial force, surface topography and roughness were analyzed and the optimized variable parameters combination was obtained. The results show that the high spindle speed, low feed speed and low cutting depth are beneficial to improve the surface quality at the entrance and the exit area when the machining parameters at the centra area remain unchanged. Meanwhile, when the parameters change abruptly, the fluctuation of the radial force at the variable parameters area is decreased. The variable parameters compared to constant parameters, the surface roughness of the machining with the cemented carbide tool at the entrance area by 29.7% and 7.4%, respectively and the machining with PCD tool at the exit and the entrance area decreased by 60.5%, 43.5% and 38.8%, 51.9%, respectively. Compared with the cemented carbide tool, the radial force of the PCD tool is more stable and the surface quality is further improved.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Karatas MA, Gokkaya H (2018) A review on machinability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP) composite materials. Def Technol 14(4):318–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wu WS, Deng S et al (2019) Experimental research and analysis of milling force of fiber reinforced resin matrix composite. Technol Trend 9:145+163

    Google Scholar 

  3. Fan WT, Chen Y, Chen YJ et al (2021) Research on 3D surface topography in milling of CFRP. Aeronaut Manuf Technol 64(9):62–67

    Google Scholar 

  4. Luo B, Zhang K, Liu S et al (2019) Investigation on the interface damage in drilling low-stiffness CFRP/Ti stacks. Chin J Aeronaut 32(9):2211–2221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Wang ZY, Zhang N, Wang QY (2016) Tensile behaviour of open-hole and bolted steel plates reinforced by CFRP strips. Compos B Eng 100:101–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Xu JY, Mkaddem A, El Mansori M (2015) Recent advances in drilling hybrid FRP/Ti composite: a state-of-the-art review. Compos Struct 135:316–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Klocke F, Shirobokov A, Kerchnawe S et al (2017) Experimental investigation of the hole accuracy, delamination, and cutting force in piercing of carbon fiber reinforced plastics. Procedia CIRP 66:215–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhang GP, Jiang FL, Yang ZC et al (2021) Theoretical analys is and model prediction of instantaneous milling force of carbon fiber composites. Tool Eng 55(11):83–87

    Google Scholar 

  9. Yang ZC, Yang FJ, Xiao JM et al (2019) Establishment of finite element model for milling CFRP and simulation analysis of cutting forces. Aerospace Mater Technol 49(03):36–40

    Google Scholar 

  10. Su Y (2019) Effect of the cutting speed on the cutting mechanism in machining CFRP. Compos Struct 220:662–676

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Abena A, Essa K (2019) 3D micro- mechanical modelling of orthogonal cutting of UD-CFRP using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics and Finite Element methods. Compos Struct 218:174–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Xu HB, Hu J (2017) Modeling of the material removal and heat affected zone formation in CFRP short pulsed laser processing. Appl Math Model 46:354–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Guo L, Huang ST, Yang HC et al (2021) Prediction of milling forces in high-speed milling optical grade SiCp/Al composites. Opt Precis Eng 29(1):117–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Yu J, Lin YX, Lin H (2017) Experimental study of cutting force in high-speed milling of CFRP by response surfance methodology. J Hefei Univ Technol 40(4):438–442

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jiang FL (2018) Milling force research and surface quality analysis carbon fiber composites. Xi'an University of Technology

  16. Han CS, Chen Y, Xu JH, Fu YC, Zhou JW (2014) Modeling and simulation of milling forces in side milling multi-layer CFRP with multitooth cutter. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica 31(05):1374–1381

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wan M, Li SE, Yuan H et al (2019) Cutting force modeling in milling of CFRP. J Nanjing Univ Aeronautics Astronautics 51(3):272–280

    Google Scholar 

  18. Qin XD, Tang XK, Ge ED et al (2020) Establishment of 3D milling simulation model for CFRP and analysis of interlaminar damage. Aerospace Mater Technol 50(1):22–29

    Google Scholar 

  19. Yang ZC, Yang FJ, Song DL et al (2020) Experiment study on milling force in side milling of CFRP with carbide end mill. Aviation Precis Manuf Technol 56(1):5–8

    Google Scholar 

  20. Li PX, Duan CZ, Liu QB et al (2020) Experimental study on milling CFRP with PCD and HTi10 tool. Modular Mach Tool Automatic Manuf Techn 1:10–13

    Google Scholar 

  21. Takashi I, Hagino M, Matsui M et al (2009) Cutting characteristics of CFRP materials with end milling. Key Eng Mater 407–408(1–2):710–713

    Google Scholar 

  22. Zhang HJ (1998) Study on THE drilling technology of CFRP. Beijing University of Aeronauties & Astronauties

  23. Zhang W, Ai QL, Diao R et al (1999) Microanalysis for the drilling cutting surface of the carbon fibre reinforced composite material. J Dalian Inst Light Industry 3:242–246

    Google Scholar 

  24. Li D, Yan GC (2007) Experimental study on milling machining of particle-reinforced aluminium matrix composites. Modern Manuf Eng 3:15–17,67

    Google Scholar 

  25. Madjid H, Redouane Z, Florent E (2013) Machinability and surface quality during high speed trimming of multi directional CFRP. Int J Mach Mach Mater 13(2/3):289–310

    Google Scholar 

  26. Çolak O, Sunar T (2016) Cutting forces and 3D surface analysis of CFRP milling with PCD cutting tools. Procedia Cirp 45:75–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wang D (2019) Research on formation and suppression of surface damage in milling of CFRP. Dalian University of Technology

  28. Voss R, Seeholzer L, Kuster F et al (2016) Influence of fibre orientation, tool Geometry and process parameters on surface quality in milling of CFRP. CIRP J Manuf Sci Technol 18:75–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Zenia S, AyedL B, Nuari M et al (2015) Numerical analysis of the interaction between the cutting forces, induced cutting damage, and machining parameters of CFRP composites. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 78(1–4):465–480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Wang FJ, Yin JW, Jia ZY et al (2018) Measurement and analysis of cutting force, temperature and cutting-induced top-layer damage in edge trimming of CFRPs. J Mech Eng 54(3):186–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Chongyan CAI, Jiaqiang DANG, Qinglong AN et al (2021) Surface morphology characterization of unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced plastic machined by peripheral milling. Chin J Aeronautics 35(2):361–375

    Google Scholar 

  32. Wang FJ, Gu TY, Wang XN et al (2021) Analysis of burr and tear in milling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) using finite element method. Appl Compos Mater 28:991–1018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Geng DX, Liu YH, Shao ZY et al (2019) Delamination formation, evaluation and suppression during drilling of composite laminates: a review. Compos Struct 216:168–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Gemi L, Köklü U, Yazman Ş et al (2020) The effects of stacking sequence on drilling machinability of filament wound hybrid composite pipes: part-1 mechanical characterization and drilling tests. Compos B Eng 186

  35. Gemi L, Morkavuk S Köklü U et al (2019) The effects of stacking sequence on drilling machinability of filament wound hybrid composite pipes: part-2 damage analysis and surface quality. Compos Struct 235

  36. Erturk AT, Vatansever F, Yarar E et al (2020) Effects of cutting temperature andprocess optimization in drilling of GFRP composites. J Compos Mater 1–15

  37. Yazman S (2021) The effects of back-up on drilling machinability of filament wound GFRP composite pipes: Mechanical characteri-zation and drilling tests. J Manuf Process 68:1535–1552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Gemi L, Morkavuk S, Köklü U et al (2019) An experimental study on the effects of various drill types on drilling performance of GFRP composite pipes and damage formation. Compos B Eng 172:186–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Zhou F, Wang XF, Zhang HZ et al (2021) Experimental investigation on milling characteristic of CFRP composites under supercritical carbon dioxide based cryogenic environment. Aeronautical Manuf Technol 64(19):14–19

    Google Scholar 

  40. Ma QL, Wang LY, Zhu YH et al (2021) Research on the performance of low- temperature cycle CFRP aircraft winglets. Sci Technol Innov 26:1–3

    Google Scholar 

  41. Morkavuk S, Köklü U, Bağcı M et al (2018) Cryogenic machining of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites and the effects of cryogenic treatment on tensile properties: a comparative study. Compos B Eng 147:1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Zhou BJ (2018) Study on Burr formation mechanism and tool wear in CFRP milling. Hunan University of Science and Technology

  43. Zhang LC, Zhang HJ, Wang XM (2001) A Force prediction model for cutting unidirectional fibre-reinforced plastics. Mach Sci Technol 5(3):293–305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Hobbiebrunken T, Fiedler B, Hojo M et al (2005) Microscopic yielding of CF/epoxy composites and the effect on the formation of thermal residual stresses. Compos Sci Technol 65(10):1626–1635

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Liu S, Wang ZX, Zhou L et al (2017) The lift force loss near ground of short-range / vertical take-off and landing aircraft based on response surface method. J Aerospace Power 32(04):874–881

    Google Scholar 

  46. Wang H, Li NQ, Zhao GC et al (2021) Optimization of surface quality and cutting efficiency for high-speed milling parameters of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V for aviation casting. Surf Technol 2:331–337

    Google Scholar 

  47. Han CS (2014) Research on side milling ,process of CFRP. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

  48. Qin SZ (2020) Research on milling of carbon fiber reinforced Composites. Liaoning Technical University

  49. Chen Z, Sun HL, Zhao FF et al (2018) Simulation study on spiral milling of titanium alloy based on ABAUQS. Tool Eng 52(04):72–75

    Google Scholar 

  50. Li F, Li ZJ, Lv YM et al (2017) Influence on the surface roughness of PCD tool in high speed machining of titanium alloy. Journal of North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering 2:12–13

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China

    X. Li, A. Jiao & G. Liu

  2. HIT (Anshan) Institute of Industrial Technology, Anshan, 114001, China

    M. Xu

Authors
  1. X. Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Jiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. G. Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Jiao.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file 1

(DOCX 504 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, X., Jiao, A., Xu, M. et al. Study on Cutting Force and Surface Topography of Peripheral Milling CFRP. Exp Tech 47, 633–653 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799-022-00575-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799-022-00575-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation