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Effects of Urban Heat Islands on Temperate Forest Trees and Arthropods

  • Forest Entomology (B Castagneyrol, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Our goal is to provide an overview of how urban heat islands affect forests and synthesize recent literature on that topic. We focused on direct effects of high temperatures from urban heat islands on forest trees and indirect effects via changes in soil moisture and pest density. We also focused on the effects of urban heat islands on arthropods with particular emphasis on tree pests.

Recent Findings

Urban heat islands can push trees and arthropods closer to their thermal limits with consequences for tree growth and arthropod fitness. Urban heat islands can alter the distribution of trees and arthropods allowing species to survive at higher altitudes or latitudes than they could otherwise. A primary risk for trees is that urban heat islands can increase pest density and damage.

Summary

Urban heat islands can increase forest air and soil temperature and reduce soil moisture especially when combined with greater climate change. Land managers should consider the surrounding urban density and forest size when trying to determine which plants and animals can persist in urban forests. As forests are fragmented or encroached upon by urbanization, the forest environment will change and become more hospitable for some species and less hospitable for others. Overall, there is insufficient research focused on urban-forest interfaces and the consequences of urbanization for plants and animals within forests. This research is not only important for urban forest conservation. Tree and arthropod responses to urban heat islands will help scientists and land managers predict responses to climate warming in rural areas as well.

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Funding

Funding was provided by the United States Geological Survey (Cooperative Agreement no. G15AP00153) to SDF. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Southeast Climate Science Center or the USGS. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes. Funding is also provided by United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (award numbers 2018–70006-28914 and 2016–70006-25827) and by the Southern IPM Center (Project S21-008) as part of USDA NIFA CPPM RCP (Agreement No. 2018–70006-28884).

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  1. Kristi M. Backe

    Present address: Division of Extension and Engagement, Oregon State University, 325 Ballard Extension Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

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  1. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 1575 Varsity Drive, Campus Box 7616, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7616, USA

    Steven D. Frank

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Frank, S.D., Backe, K.M. Effects of Urban Heat Islands on Temperate Forest Trees and Arthropods. Curr Forestry Rep 9, 48–57 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-022-00178-7

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