Abstract
Background
Preclinical left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a high-risk state for heart failure. Kidney dysfunction is a known risk factor for heart failure, but its association with asymptomatic LVDD is not well-known.
Methods
A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent echocardiogram between 2006 and 2016 to assess the association between baseline kidney function and LVDD on echocardiogram. E/e′ ratio was defined as the ratio of peak velocity of early diastolic left ventricular inflow (E) to mitral annular velocity (e′). The primary outcome was time to development of LVDD, which was defined as E/e′ ratio > 14. The changes in the E/e′ ratio and other echocardiographic parameters were assessed using a mixed effects model.
Results
Among 1167 patients, the mean age was 61 years, and the mean baseline E/e′ ratio and ejection fraction were 9.6 and 69%, respectively. During a median follow-up of 3.2 years, 231 (19.8%) people developed LVDD. According to eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), the risk for LVDD based on hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (95% CI)] was 1.20 (0.82, 1.75) for 60 to < 90, 1.42 (0.87, 2.31) for 45 to < 60, and 2.57 (1.61, 4.09) for < 45 (P trend < 0.001). The adjusted risks (95% CI) for annual change in E/e′ ratio was 0.09 (0.03, 0.14) overall and 0.28 (0.11, 0.45) in the lowest eGFR group; the trend in changes in annual E/e′ ratio by baseline eGFR was significant (P trend = 0.01).
Conclusions
Relatively low kidney function was related with the risks for LVDD. Long-term cohort studies are warranted to confirm the association between LVDD and symptomatic heart failure in patients with kidney dysfunction.
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Availability of data and material (data transparency)
The datasets used and/ or analyzed in the current study are available from the corresponding author with the permission of the ethics committee upon reasonable request.
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We deeply appreciate all the study participants and hospital staff for their participation and cooperation.
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TW and TT conceived the study. YM acquired the data. YM and TT performed the analyses and drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Kanazawa University (approval number 907). The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
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The study was announced on the hospital’s website. All participants were given the opportunity to opt out of the study by sending an opt-out document to the hospital if they wished. All analyses were performed using deidentified data.
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Miyajima, Y., Toyama, T., Mori, M. et al. Relationships between kidney dysfunction and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: a hospital-based retrospective study. J Nephrol 34, 773–780 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00940-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00940-9