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Effect of reproductive history, lactation, first pregnancy age and dietary habits on bone mineral density in natural postmenopausal women

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Abstract

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible risk factors related with osteoporosis in women with spontaneous menopause.

Methods

Five hundred and one postmenopausal women were divided into three groups as normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic according to their bone mineral density (BMD). By face-to-face interview, parity, age at menarche, age at menopause, duration of fertility, duration of menopause, first pregnancy age, total lactation period, exercise, smoking were assessed. Women with menopause age before 40 years, surgical menopause, who had any anti-osteoporosis treatment, hormone replacement therapy at the time of BMD measurement and corticosteroid use longer than 6 months were excluded from the study.

Results

Among 501 postmenopausal women, 107 women were classified as normal, 170 as osteopenic and 224 as osteoporotic. Among demographic features of patients, there was statistically significant difference between the groups in age, BMI and parity (p < 0.001, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.002, respectively). There were statistically significant differences between the groups in case of age at menopause, duration of fertility and duration of menopause (p = 0.013, p = 0.013 and p < 0.0001, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, BMI over 32 and fertility duration over 33 years had a statistically significant protective effect against osteoporosis (OR 0.42, CI 95 % 0.27–0.66; OR 0.36, CI 95 % 0.24–0.56, respectively), but age was positively correlated with osteoporosis (OR 1.13, CI 95 % 1.01–1.17)

Conclusions

Duration of fertility (years of menstruation) longer than 33 years and body mass index higher than 32 seem to protect against postmenopausal osteoporosis. Age is also an independent risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the author.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Correspondence to Sabri Cavkaytar.

Additional information

This study has been accepted as poster presentation in 23th EBCOG European Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Glasgow, Scotland (UK), on May 7th–10th 2014.

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Cavkaytar, S., Seval, M.M., Atak, Z. et al. Effect of reproductive history, lactation, first pregnancy age and dietary habits on bone mineral density in natural postmenopausal women. Aging Clin Exp Res 27, 689–694 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-015-0333-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-015-0333-4

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