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Psychometric evaluation of the Drive for Muscularity Scale among weightlifters in Jamaica

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Drive for Muscularity Scale (McCreary and Sasse, J Am Coll Health 48(6): 297–304, 2000) (DMS) among a sample of Jamaican male weightlifters.

Methods

205 weightlifters (Mage = 28.49, SD = 9.61) from rural and urban areas in Jamaica, completed the DMS, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) and the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS) in a cross-sectional design. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the DMS and conventional fit indices used to determine model fit. Measurement invariance was examined for urban and rural participants. Correlations between the DMS scores and the DASS-21 and BASS were determined to examine the validity of the scale.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis of the original 2-factor model (muscularity-oriented body image and muscularity behaviors) resulted in overall good fit (CFI = .94, TLI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.06 [0.05, 0.08], SRMR = 0.08). Also, measurement invariance was observed between weightlifters from rural and urban areas. The DMS was principally correlated with specific body areas previously associated with male’s body dissatisfaction (muscle tone, upper torso and weight) (rs = 0.17 to .47). The DMS showed significant weak to moderate negative correlations with the DASS-21 (rs = − 0.16 to − 0.32). Adequate levels of internal consistency were observed (omega = 0.75–0.88).

Conclusion

The DMS showed to be a valid instrument to evaluate the drive for muscularity in Jamaican weightlifters and has utility in informing further research, diagnosis and treatment of body image-related pathologies.

Level of evidence

Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sociology, Psychology and Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica

    Chelsi Ricketts & Caryl James Bateman

  2. School of Psychology, Adolfo Ibáñez University, Santiago, Chile

    Emilio J. Compte

  3. Comenzar de Nuevo Research Center, Monterrey, México

    Emilio J. Compte

  4. Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

    Andre Bateman

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  1. Chelsi Ricketts
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Correspondence to Caryl James Bateman.

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This research study was approved by the University of the West Indies/University Hospital of the West Indies/Faculty of Medical Sciences UWI/UHWI/FMS Ethics Committee. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and/or national research committee and with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Ricketts, C., Compte, E.J., James Bateman, C. et al. Psychometric evaluation of the Drive for Muscularity Scale among weightlifters in Jamaica. Eat Weight Disord 26, 983–991 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-00935-2

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