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Using Genetics to Improve Addiction Treatment Outcomes

  • Addictions (J Grant, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review will discuss recent studies that have employed pharmacogenetic findings to advance development of therapeutics and improve treatment outcomes for substance use disorder.

Recent Findings

Pharmacogenetic studies have inspired new treatment targets for smoking cessation, with mixed results. Promising initial evidence that mu-opioid receptor genotype (OPRM1 A118G) was associated with response to naltrexone treatment for alcohol dependence has not been supported in prospective trials. The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) may be useful for predicting response to smoking cessation treatment. Candidate gene studies suggest several genes that may identify responders for cocaine or opiate pharmacotherapy, but these studies require replication.

Summary

Significant progress has been made in pharmacogenetics studies of addiction treatment; however, efforts must be made to bridge the translational gap. Robust prospective studies are needed in order to gather sufficient information on the clinical utility of pharmacogenetic testing prior to implementation in a clinical setting.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance, •• Of major importance

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Acknowledgments

Cheyenne Allenby is supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (T32 GM008076-32 to Dr. Julie Blendy).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Cheyenne Allenby & Mary Falcone

  2. Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Cheyenne Allenby

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  1. Cheyenne Allenby
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  2. Mary Falcone
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Correspondence to Mary Falcone.

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Cheyenne Allenby and Dr. Mary Falcone declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Addictions

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Allenby, C., Falcone, M. Using Genetics to Improve Addiction Treatment Outcomes. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 4, 1–9 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40473-017-0106-9

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