Abstract
Currently, direct braking-force measurement under dynamic conditions requires a considerable modification to the vehicles and has poor compatibility because there are many types of vehicles. Thus, in this paper, an indirect measurement method of new-energy vehicles’ braking force under dynamic braking conditions is proposed. The mechanical wheel and axle model at low/idling/high speeds is established using the piston-pressure formula, force transfer in the brake-wheel cylinder, relative movement between the wheel and the roller, among others. On this basis, the relationship between wheel braking force and roller-linear acceleration is further derived. Our method does not alter existing vehicle structures or sensor types. The standard sealing bolt is temporarily replaced with a hydraulic sensor for coefficient calibration. Afterward, the braking force can be indirectly calculated using the roller-linear velocity data. The method has characteristics of efficiency and high accuracy without refitting vehicles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yan LX, Zhang YS, He Y et al (2016) Hazardous traffic event detection using Markov Blanket and sequential minimal optimization (MB-SMO). Sensors 16(7):1084
Yuan XL, Liu X, Zuo J (2015) The development of new energy vehicles for a sustainable future: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 42:298–305
Wang QD, Liu QS (2016) Estimation of parasitic parameters and EMI improvement of a full-bridge PWM converter system in the electric vehicle. Electron World 122:24–29
CISPR 12:2009. Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines—radio disturbance characteristics—limits and methods of measurement for the protection of off-board receivers
ECE 10.05. Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to electromagnetic compatibility
SAE J551-5-2012. Performance levels and methods of measurement of magnetic and electric field strength from electric vehicles, 150 kHz to 30 MHz
Zeng B, Deng JY, Lin DQ et al (2016) Comparison of below 30 MHz electric vehicle EMI measurements method standard. Zhongguo Ceshi 42(9):11–14
Guo YJ, Wang LF, Liao CL (2013) Modeling and analysis of conducted electromagnetic interference in electric vehicle power supply system. Prog Electromagn Res 139:193–209
Tondato F, Bazzell J, Schwartz L et al (2016) Safety and interaction of patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators driving a hybrid vehicle. Int J Cardiol 227:318–324
Chun Y, Park S, Kim J et al (2014) Electromagnetic compatibility of resonance coupling wireless power transfer in on-line electric vehicle system. IEICE Trans Commun E97B(2):416–423
Bayar K, Biasini R, Onori S et al (2012) Modelling and control of a brake system for an extended range electric vehicle equipped with axle motors. Int J Veh Des 58(2–4):399–426
Fieldhouse J (2009) Measurement of the dynamic centre of pressure of the disk/pad interface during a braking operation (II). Int J Veh Des 51(1–2):73–104
Hoseinnezhad R, Saric S, Bab-Hadiashar A (2006) Estimation of clamp force in brake-by-wire systems: a step-by-step identification approach. SAE Tech Pap Ser 1:1154
Xu G, Su J, Chen R et al (2014) Measurement performance assessment: dynamic calibration compared with static calibration method for roller tester of vehicle brake force. Adv Mech Eng 6:162435
Gajek A (2016) Diagnostics monitor of the braking efficiency in the on board diagnostics system for the motor vehicles. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 148:012038
Zhong SM, Huang J, Wu JJ et al (2017) Frame design and key technical analysis of EMI test system for new energy vehicle dynamic condition. Zhongguo Ceshi 43(8):76–79
Yong JW, Gao F, Ding NG et al (2017) Design and validation of an electro-hydraulic brake system using hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation. Int J Auto Tech-Kor 18(4):603–612
Gu YF, Zhao Y, Lv RQ et al (2016) A practical FBG sensor based on a thin-walled cylinder for hydraulic pressure measurement. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 28(22):2569–2572
Acknowledgements
This research is supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project (Grant No. 201504010037). We thank the useful discussion with engineers of AVL List GmbH and their support, as well as the discussion with some experts of CISPR and Chinese National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization. The hydraulic sensor is supplied by Guangzhou Huamao sensing instrument Co. Ltd.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhong, SM., Liu, GX., Wu, JJ. et al. Indirect measurement technology of new energy vehicles’ braking force under dynamic braking conditions. Adv. Manuf. 7, 389–400 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-019-00278-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-019-00278-x