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The Relationship Between Actual and Perceived Motor Competence in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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Abstract

Background

Actual and perceived motor competence are important correlates of various health-related behaviors. As such, numerous studies have examined the association between both constructs in children and adolescents.

Objectives

The first aim of this review and meta-analysis was to systematically examine, analyze and summarize the scientific evidence on the relationship between actual and perceived motor competence (and by extension more general physical self-perception) in children, adolescents and young adults with typical and atypical development. The second aim was to examine several a priori determined potential moderators (i.e., age, sex, and developmental status of study participants, as well as level of alignment between measurement instruments) of the relationship between actual motor competence and perceived motor competence/physical self-perception.

Design

This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and was registered with PROSPERO on August 21st 2017.

Data Sources

A systematic literature search of five electronic databases (i.e., MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and EMBASE) with no date restrictions was conducted.

Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies

Eligibility criteria included (1) a study sample of youth aged 3–24 years, (2) an assessment of actual motor competence and perceived motor competence/physical self-perception, and (3) a report of the association between both, using a cross-sectional, longitudinal, or experimental design. Only original articles published in peer-reviewed journals with at least the title and abstract in English were considered.

Analyses

Meta-analyses were conducted by type of actual motor competence (i.e., overall motor competence, locomotor, object control, stability/balance and sport-specific competence) through univariate and multivariable random-effects meta-regression and clustered random-effects meta-regression models.

Results

Of the 1643 articles screened, 87 were included for the qualitative review, while 69 remained for the final meta-analyses. All included studies had some risk of bias with only 15% meeting five of the six examined criteria. Significant (p < 0.001) pooled effects were found for overall motor competence (N = 54; r = 0.25; 95% CI [0.20, 0.29]), locomotor (N = 45; r = 0.19; 95% CI [0.13, 0.25]), object control (N = 50; r = 0.22; 95% CI [0.17, 0.27]), stability/balance (N = 8; r = 0.21; 95% CI [0.12, 0.30]), and sport-specific competence (N = 8; r = 0.46; 95% CI [0.28, 0.61]). None of the hypothesized moderators significantly influenced the relationship between actual motor competence and perceived motor competence/physical self-perception.

Conclusions

The strength of the association between actual motor competence and perceived motor competence/physical self-perception in youth is low to moderate, with current data demonstrating that the strength of association does not differ by age, sex, developmental status, or alignment between measurement instruments. However, this review highlights the lack of clarity on the relationship between actual motor competence and perceived motor competence/physical self-perception. Future research should address issues surrounding the design of studies and measurement of actual motor competence and perceived motor competence/physical self-perception as well as explore other potential confounding variables (i.e., product- versus process-oriented assessments, race, culture) that might affect the relationship between these two constructs.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Nele Pauwels (Ghent University) for her methodological support in the review process and Rachel West (Deakin University) for the initial library support. We also want to extend our gratitude to Rita Cordovil (University of Lisbon), Yucui ‘Jane’ Diao (East China Normal University), Arja Sääkslahti (University of Jyväskylä) and Sandra Sczygiol (University of Münster) for their help with the papers that were not written in English and Julie Galle (Ghent University) for her help formatting Table 3.

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Correspondence to An De Meester.

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Funding

This research was supported by a research project grant of the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO17-PDO-079).

Conflicts of Interest

An De Meester, Lisa M. Barnett, Ali Brian, Steven Bowe, Judith Jimenez, Femke Van Duyse, J. Megan Irwin, David F. Stodden, Eva D’Hondt, Matthieu Lenoir and Leen Haerens declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review.

Authorship Contributions

ADM conceived the review, wrote and edited significant sections of the manuscript, ran the literature search, screened all identified studies based on title and abstract, assisted with the full text screening, the risk of bias assessment, the data extraction and the meta-analyses process. LMB wrote and edited significant sections of the manuscript, assisted with the title and abstract screening, the full text screening, the risk of bias assessment, and the meta-analyses process. AB revised and edited significant sections of the manuscript and assisted with the full text screening and data extraction. SB wrote and edited significant sections of the manuscript and ran the meta-analyses process. JJ wrote and edited significant sections of the manuscript and ran the meta-analyses process. FVD assisted with the title and abstract screening, and assisted with the data extraction. JMI assisted with the full text screening and the data extraction. DFS wrote and edited significant sections of the manuscript. ED revised and edited significant sections of the manuscript and assisted with the full text screening and data extraction. ML revised and edited significant sections of the manuscript and assisted with the risk of bias assessment. LH revised and edited significant sections of the manuscript and assisted with the risk of bias assessment. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

Data Availability Statement

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and in Electronic Supplementary Material Appendix S1).

Electronic supplementary material

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Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 584 kb)

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De Meester, A., Barnett, L.M., Brian, A. et al. The Relationship Between Actual and Perceived Motor Competence in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 50, 2001–2049 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01336-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01336-2

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