Skip to main content
Log in

Many drugs are available for hypertension, with more in development

  • Practical Issues and Updates
  • Published:
Drugs & Therapy Perspectives Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Hypertension is a global health issue that is associated with an increased risk for poor cardiovascular outcomes and kidney failure. A wide range of antihypertensive drugs are currently available for the pharmacological management of hypertension, such as drugs that target the renin‑angiotensin‑aldosterone system, calcium channel blockers, adrenergic drugs and diuretics. Guidelines by the International Society of Hypertension outlines a four-step treatment pathway, and recommends that treatments be tailored to patients’ needs. Newer drugs are now available for the management of hypertension, and other drugs are currently in later stages of development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. World Health Organization. Fact sheets: hypertension. 2021. https://www.who.int. Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

  2. Ojha U, Ruddaraju S, Sabapathy N, et al. Current and emerging classes of pharmacological agents for the management of hypertension. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2022;22(3):271–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, et al. 2020 International Society of Hypertension global hypertension practice guidelines. Hypertension. 2020;75(6):1334–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Lee EA, Brettler JW, Kanter MH, et al. Refining the definition of polypharmacy and its link to disability in older adults: conceptualizing necessary polypharmacy, unnecessary polypharmacy, and polypharmacy of unclear benefit. Perm J. 2020;24(1).

  5. Kostis JB, Kim HJ, Rusnak J, et al. Incidence and characteristics of angioedema associated with enalapril. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(14):1637–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. MacRae C, Mercer SW, Guthrie B, et al. Comorbidity in chronic kidney disease: a large cross-sectional study of prevalence in Scottish primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2021;71(704):e243–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Cai G, Zheng Y, Sun X, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in elderly adults with chronic kidney disease: results from the survey of Prevalence, Awareness, and Treatment Rates in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients With Hypertension in China. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61(11):1355–61.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chua SK, Lai WT, Chen LC, et al. The Antihypertensive effects and safety of LCZ696 in patients with hypertension: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Med. 2021;10(13):2824.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Zimmer DP, Shea CM, Tobin JV, et al. Olinciguat, an oral sGC stimulator, exhibits diverse pharmacology across preclinical models of cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, and inflammatory disease. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:419.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Actelion Pharmaceuticals US I. TRACLEER (bosentan): US prescribing information. 2022. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/. Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

  11. Clinicaltrials.gov. Endothelin receptor function and acute stress (End-Stress): trial record. 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/. Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

  12. ClinicalTrials.gov. Vascular and renal impact of endothelin-1 receptor blockade in patients with resistant arterial hypertension (ENDOTHELIN-2): trial record. 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/. Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

  13. Angeli F, Verdecchia P, Reboldi G. Aprocitentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist under development for the treatment of resistant hypertension. Cardiol Ther. 2021;10(2):397–406.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Daiichi Sankyo Ltd. Minnebro (esaxerenone) tablets: Japanese prescribing information [Japanese]. 2022. https://www.pmda.go.jp/. Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

  15. Ferdinand KC, Balavoine F, Besse B, et al. Efficacy and safety of firibastat, a first-in-class brain aminopeptidase A inhibitor, in hypertensive overweight patients of multiple ethnic origins. Circulation. 2019;140(2):138–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. ClinicalTrials.gov. An integrated assessment of the safety and effectiveness of bexagliflozin for the management of essential hypertension: trial record. 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/. Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arnold Lee.

Ethics declarations

Funding

The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.

Authorship and conflict of interest

A. Lee is a salaried employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature and declares no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to the review and are responsible for the article content.

Ethics approval, Consent to participate, Consent for publication, Availability of data and material, Code availability

Not applicable.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lee, A. Many drugs are available for hypertension, with more in development. Drugs Ther Perspect 38, 520–526 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40267-022-00951-5

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40267-022-00951-5

Navigation