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Kinetics and equilibrium study of lead bio-sorption from contaminated water by compost and biogas residues

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Abstract

Lead (Pb) poses serious threats to plants, animals and humans once entered into the food chain via the contaminated effluents; thus, it has become imperative to remove Pb from the water stream. This study examined the potential and feasibility of compost and biogas residues for the bio-sorption (q) and removal (R) of Pb from contaminated water. To explore the objectives, a series of batch experiments was conducted at various adsorbent masses (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/100 mL), Pb concentrations (30, 60 and 90 mg L−1) and contact time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min). Lead bio-sorption was decreased with increasing Pb concentration from 30 to 90 mg L−1 and sorbent biomass from 0.5 to 1.5 g/100 mL. At equilibrium state, relatively greater sorption and removal were observed from compost (q = 2.29–11.61 mg/g, R = 65–80%) as compared to biogas residues (q = 1.59–7.45 mg/g, R = 41–69%) depending upon Pb concentration and sorbent biomass in aqueous solution. Our results were better fitted with Freundlich equilibrium adsorption isotherm model (qmax = 2.882 mg/g, R2 = 0.99) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (qmax = 8.43 mg/g, R2 = 0.99). FTIR spectra indicated the presence of –OH, C–O, C=O, C=C and sp3 C–H functional groups on both adsorbents which might be involved during Pb adsorption. Compost was more porous material with well-developed cavities and had greater surface area than biogas residues (135 vs. 43 m2/g); therefore, compost has great sorption potential for heavy metal remediation from aqueous solution as compared to the biogas residues.

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Acknowledgements

The study was partially funded by the COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari. We are equally indebted to CUI, Lahore, for the characterization of the bio-sorbents.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan

    G. M. Shah,  Umm-e-aiman, M. Imran, H. F. Bakhat, H. M. Hammad, I. Ahmad, F. Rabbani & Z. U. H. Khan

  2. Yantai Institute, China Agriculture University, Yantai, China

    G. M. Shah

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  1. G. M. Shah
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Correspondence to I. Ahmad.

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Editorial responsibility: M. Abbaspour.

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Shah, G.M., Umm-e-aiman, Imran, M. et al. Kinetics and equilibrium study of lead bio-sorption from contaminated water by compost and biogas residues. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16, 3839–3850 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1865-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1865-x

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