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Social-Ecological Theory of Maximization: Basic Concepts and Two Initial Models

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Abstract

Efforts have been dedicated to the understanding of social-ecological systems, an important focus in ethnobiological studies. In particular, ethnobiological investigations have found evidence and tested hypotheses over the last 30 years on the interactions between human groups and their environments, generating the need to formulate a theory for such systems. In this article, we propose the social-ecological theory of maximization to explain the construction and functioning of these systems over time, encompassing hypotheses and evidence from previous ethnobiological studies. In proposing the theory, we present definitions and two conceptual models, an environmental maximization model and a redundancy generation model. The first model seeks to address biota selection and its use by human populations. The second emphasizes how the system organizes itself from the elements that were incorporated into it. Furthermore, we provide the theoretical scenario of plant selection and use from an evolutionary perspective, which explicitly integrates the phylogenetic relationships of plants (or other living resources) and human beings.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the research productivity grant awarded to UPA and PMM and the contribution of the INCT Ethnobiology, Bioprospecting and Nature Conservation, certified by CNPq, with financial support from FACEPE (Foundation for Support to Science and Technology of the State of Pernambuco—Grant number: APQ-0562-2.01/17).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos (LEA), Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque

  2. Laboratório de Ecologia, Conservação e Evolução Biocultural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, Brazil

    Patricia Muniz de Medeiros & Rafael Ricardo Vasconcelos da Silva

  3. Campus Petrolina, Universidade de Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil

    Washington Soares Ferreira Júnior

  4. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Alagoas, Campus II, Santana do Ipanema, Alagoas, Brazil

    Taline Cristina da Silva

  5. Laboratório de Ecologia Filogenética e Funcional, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Thiago Gonçalves-Souza

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  1. Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
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  2. Patricia Muniz de Medeiros
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  3. Washington Soares Ferreira Júnior
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  5. Rafael Ricardo Vasconcelos da Silva
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  6. Thiago Gonçalves-Souza
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Correspondence to Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque.

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Albuquerque, U.P., de Medeiros, P.M., Ferreira Júnior, W.S. et al. Social-Ecological Theory of Maximization: Basic Concepts and Two Initial Models. Biol Theory 14, 73–85 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13752-019-00316-8

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