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The Influence of Sedentary Behavior on Cancer Risk: Epidemiologic Evidence and Potential Molecular Mechanisms

  • Cancer (MF Leitzmann, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Sedentary behavior is an emerging risk factor for several cancers. Here, we review the current epidemiologic evidence on sedentary behavior and cancer risk and summarize potential underlying molecular mechanisms.

Recent Findings

High compared to low sedentary behavior is associated with a 28–44% increased risk of colon cancer, a 8–17% increased risk of breast cancer, and a 28–36% increased risk of endometrial cancer. For other cancer sites, the current evidence is insufficient, mainly due to sparse numbers of available studies. Potential underlying biologic mechanisms linking prolonged sedentary behavior to increased cancer risk include metabolic dysfunction, alterations in circulating levels of sex hormones, and low-grade systemic chronic inflammation.

Summary

Prolonged sedentary behavior is positively related to cancers of the colon, breast, and endometrium. For other cancer types, the current evidence is inconclusive. Underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood and need to be an integral part of future research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany

    Carmen Jochem & Michael F. Leitzmann

  2. Institute for Sports Science, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg, Judenbühlweg 11,, 97082, Würzburg, Germany

    Birgit Wallmann-Sperlich

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Jochem, C., Wallmann-Sperlich, B. & Leitzmann, M.F. The Influence of Sedentary Behavior on Cancer Risk: Epidemiologic Evidence and Potential Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Nutr Rep 8, 167–174 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-019-0263-4

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