Riassunto
Premesse.
La determinazione della troponina ad alta sensibilità (cTnI-hs e cTnT-hs) rappresenta ormai un elemento essenziale nella pratica clinica della sindrome coronarica acuta (SCA), per la diagnosi, l’early rule-out, la stratificazione del rischio, la valutazione degli outcomes e anche nei pazienti con danni cardiaci non-SCA. Una letteratura sempre crescente, soprattutto con il grande studio multicentrico relativo alla cTnT-hs (TRAPID), suggerisce l’uso di limiti decisionali differenziati per genere e/o età per diagnosi più precise.
Metodi.
Nell’Unità Operativa di Patologia Clinica dell’ospedale “Barone Lombardo” di Canicattì abbiamo applicato cut-off differenziati per genere ed età, separatamente e in combinazione, alla popolazione afferente al Pronto Soccorso con possibile diagnosi di SCA nell’arco del 2016, utilizzando troponina ad alta sensibilità cTnT-hs Roche Elecsys®, determinata su Cobas 6000 Roche (ECLIA), proposta con unico cut-off pari a 14 pg/ml.
Risultati.
Sono stati studiati 3970 pazienti: 2111 maschi (M) e 1859 femmine (F) identificati con l’unico cut-off di 14 pg/ml; 105 casi di infarto miocardico acuto (IMA). Inserendo cut-off differenziati per genere (15,5 pg/ml per M, 9 pg/ml per F) si assiste a un miglioramento del rule-in e del rule-out (+4,2% rule-in per F; +4,5% rule-out per M). Tuttavia, la popolazione è meglio stratificata con un cut-off differenziato per età (9,12 pg/ml <65 anni; 24,47 pg/ml ≥65 anni): il rule-in nei pazienti sopra 65 anni diminuisce da 42% a 22%. La combinazione di cut-off differenziati per genere ed età (<65 anni due differenti cut-off per M e F; un solo cut-off a 28 pg/mL ≥65 anni) mostra la migliore performance nel rule-in/rule-out dei pazienti con SCA.
Conclusioni.
Dal lavoro svolto sulla popolazione in esame e con il metodo analitico in uso, si rileva che sarebbe auspicabile, per referti quanto più appropriati e personalizzati e per una migliore sorveglianza della malattia cardiaca ischemica nel genere femminile, inserire cut-off differenziati per genere e per età. Tuttavia, i migliori risultati si ottengono con l’utilizzo simultaneo di entrambi i criteri.
Summary
Background.
The determination of high sensitivity Troponin (cTnI-hs and cTnT-hs) now represents the essential step in the clinical practice of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), for diagnosis, early rule-out, risk stratification, and evaluation of outcomes. It is used also in patients without ACS cardiac damage. Taking into consideration the stratification of the populations, differentiated cut-offs according to gender and age are recently proposed for a more precise diagnosis and supported by a growing literature and above all by the large multicenter study related to Troponin T (the TRAPID Study).
Methods.
In the Clinical Pathology of the Hospital “Barone Lombardo” in Canicattì, we implemented differentiated cut-offs by gender and age in the Emergency Department (ED) population of the year 2016 with a history suggestive of ACS, by analyzing the two age and sex variables both individually and simultaneously. The Troponin measured was high sensitivity troponin T (cTnT-hs Roche Elecsys®) on Cobas 6000 Roche (ECLIA) with a suggested cut-off of 14 pg/ml.
Results.
3970 patients were analyzed: 2111 males (M) and 1859 females (F); 105 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were identified with the single cut-off of 14 pg/ml. By inserting differentiated cut-offs (15.5 pg/ml for M; 9 pg/ml for F) we obtained an improvement in the rule-in and rule-out (+4.2% rule-in for F; +4.5% rule-out for M). Moreover, the population was better stratified using cut-offs by age (9.12 pg/ml for <65 years; 24.47 pg/ml >65 years): the rule-in population over 65 years decreased from 42% to 22%. Combined gender and age differentiated cut-offs (<65 years the 2 different cut-offs for M and F and a single cut-off of 28 pg/ml ≥65 years) showed the best performance for the in rule-in/rule-out.
Conclusions.
For appropriate and personalized reports, in our population under examination and with the analytical method in use, differentiated cut-offs for age and for gender have positive effect on the rule-in/rule-out process in the ACS population. Gender-specific analysis, which often stresses the underestimation of AMI in women, demonstrates that a preventive and training approach towards cardiovascular risk prevention, especially for young women, is necessary in the general population. Nevertheless, the simultaneous use of both criteria shows the best performance.
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Ringraziamenti
Cappelletti Piero (SIPMeL, Castelfranco Veneto, TV), per la collaborazione nella revisione del lavoro.
Galli Gianni Antonio (Estote Misericordes, FI), coordinatore del Gds MM.
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Nessuno.
Studi condotti su esseri umani e animali
Per l’esecuzione dello studio è stata ottenuta l’approvazione del Comitato Etico ospedaliero.
Il presente studio non ha comportato l’utilizzo di animali da esperimento.
Per il Gruppo di Studio dei Marcatori Miocardici della Società Italiana di Patologia Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio
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(1)
Cassin Matteo (Cardiologia, AAS5, PN)
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(2)
Malloggi Lucia (Lab. Analisi, AOU, PI)
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(3)
Manno Massimiliano (Lab. Analisi, Città di Lecce Hospital-GVM Care & Research, LE)
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(4)
Mazzei D. (Lab. Analisi, AOU, PI)
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(5)
Morandini Margherita (Lab. Analisi, AAS5, PN)
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(6)
Moretti Marco (Patologia Clinica A.O. Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Pesaro, PU)
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(7)
Rubin Daniela (Lab. Analisi ULSS7, Conegliano Veneto, TV)
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(8)
Stenner Elisabetta (S.C. Patologia Clinica, ASUITS, TS)
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(9)
Veneziani Francesca (Lab. Analisi, Ospedale SMN, USL Centro Toscana, FI)
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Burgio, M.A., Marino, G. & Di Maria, D. Troponina cTnT-hs: una questione di genere e di età? Valutazione di limiti decisionali differenziati per genere ed età in una popolazione afferente al Dipartimento di Emergenza. Riv Ital Med Lab 14, 41–49 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13631-018-0184-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13631-018-0184-z
Parole chiave
- cTnT-hs
- Troponina ad alta sensibilità
- Limiti decisionali specifici per genere
- Limiti decisionali specifici per età