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Nanostructures in non-invasive prenatal genetic screening

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Abstract

Prenatal screening is an important issue during pregnancy to ensure fetal and maternal health, as well as preventing the birth of a defective fetus and further problems such as extra costs for the family and society. The methods for the screening have progressed to non-invasive approaches over the recent years. Limitations of common standard screening tests, including invasive sampling, high risk of abortion and a big delay in result preparation have led to the introduction of new rapid and non-invasive approaches for screening. Non-invasive prenatal screening includes a wide range of procedures, including fetal cell-free DNA analysis, proteome, RNAs and other fetal biomarkers in maternal serum. These biomarkers require less invasive sampling than usual methods such as chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis or cordocentesis. Advanced strategies including the development of nanobiosensors and the use of special nanoparticles have provided optimization and development of NIPS tests, which leads to more accurate, specific and sensitive screening tests, rapid and more reliable results and low cost, as well. This review discusses the specifications and limitations of current non-invasive prenatal screening tests and introduces a novel collection of detection methods reported studies on nanoparticles’ aided detection. It can open a new prospect for further studies and effective investigations in prenatal screening field.

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Abbreviations

PGD:

Pre-gestation diagnosis,

NIPS:

Non-Invasive prenatal screening

IPS:

Invasive prenatal screening

CVS:

Chorionic villus sampling

cff-DNA:

Cell-free fetal DNA

HCG:

Human chorionic gonadotropin

NT:

Nuchal translucency

PAPP-A:

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A

DS:

Down syndrome

FISH:

Fluorescence in site hybridization

MLPA:

Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification

QF-PCR:

Quantitative fluorescence PCR, CMA: chromosomal microarray analysis

aCGH:

Array-based comparative genomic hybridization, SNPs: single-nucleotide polymorphisms

WES:

Whole-exome sequencing, Indels: insertions or deletions. SNVs: single-nucleotide variants

CNVs:

Copy number variants

NGS:

Next-generation sequencing

AFP:

Alpha-fetoprotein

miRNA:

Micro-RNA

lncRNA:

Long non-coding RNAs

circRNA:

Circular RNA

nRBCs:

Fetal nucleated red blood cells

cbNIPD:

Cell-based non-invasive prenatal diagnosis

NP:

Nano particle

QD:

Quantom dot

PtNPs:

Platinum nanoparticles

HCR:

Hybridization chain reaction

CNT:

Carbon nanotubes

SWCNT:

Single-wall carbon-nanotubes

MWCNT:

Multi-wall carbon-nanotubes

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, 14399-57131, Tehran, Iran

    Samira Sadeghi, Mahdi Rahaie & Bita Ostad-Hasanzadeh

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  1. Samira Sadeghi
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  2. Mahdi Rahaie
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  3. Bita Ostad-Hasanzadeh
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception, design and writing. The initial draft of the manuscript was written mostly by S.S. Sadeghi and B. Ostad Hasanzadeh and M. Rahaie commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mahdi Rahaie.

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S. Sadeghi declares that she has no conflict of interest. M. Rahaie declares that he has no conflict of interest. B. Ostad Hasanzadeh declares that she has no conflict of interest.

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Sadeghi, S., Rahaie, M. & Ostad-Hasanzadeh, B. Nanostructures in non-invasive prenatal genetic screening. Biomed. Eng. Lett. 12, 3–18 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-021-00208-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-021-00208-6

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