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Valorization of waste Indigofera tinctoria L. biomass generated from indigo dye extraction process—potential towards biofuels and compost

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Abstract

The current study focuses on the valorization potential of Indigofera tinctoria L. waste biomass recovered from the indigo dye production process for biofuel and compost. In order to compare the potential of after dye extracted biomass (ADB) with before dye extracted biomass (BDB), different physical (proximate analysis, calorific value, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD)), chemical (ultimate analysis, inorganic elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), and compositional characterization (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and extractive content) were performed. With C/N ratio of 19.66 and high mineral contents (P = 1513.47 and K = 5672.63 ppm), ADB showed favorable potential for compost. Additionally, the ultimate composition (C = 44.23%, H = 6.62%, N = 2.25%, and O = 37.94%) and lignocellulosic composition (cellulose = 41.15%, hemicellulose = 28.9%) of ADB indicated comparable methane (498.94 L/kg VS) and ethanol (281.9 L/Mg) potential. Considering the overall biomass potential, an integrated approach has been suggested to utilize ADB for biofuels (biogas and bioethanol) and compost production. This approach may enhance the eco-sustainability by substituting the current energy and fertilizer need in Indigofera biomass cultivation and indigo dye production processes with a predicted energy equivalent of 3709.68 MJ (from biogas) or 1131.56 MJ (from bioethanol) per 240 kg dry weight of ADB.

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Acknowledgments

Authors acknowledge MHRD and IIT Delhi for providing financial support for this research. Authors are also thankful to Dr. Susant Kumar Padhi, Dr. Pritam Kumar Dikshit, and Dr. Poonam Choudhary for analyzing the samples and their valuable contribution.

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  1. Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Lopa Pattanaik, Satya Narayan Naik & P. Hariprasad

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  1. Lopa Pattanaik
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Correspondence to Satya Narayan Naik.

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Pattanaik, L., Naik, S.N. & Hariprasad, P. Valorization of waste Indigofera tinctoria L. biomass generated from indigo dye extraction process—potential towards biofuels and compost. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 9, 445–457 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-018-0354-2

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