Abstract
A novel deep eutectic solvent (DES) with optimised composition was used to evaluate the effect of methyl β-cyclodextrin (CD) on the efficiency of polyphenol extraction from Olea europaea leaves (OLLs). The process developed was based on a 23 full-factorial design and response surface methodology to assess the simultaneous effect of CD concentration (C CD), liquid-to-solid ratio (R L/S ) and temperature (T). Under optimised conditions (C CD = 9%, R L/S = 40 mL g−1, T = 51 °C), the yield in total polyphenols (Y TP) was 116.65 ± 3.60 mg gallic acid equivalents per g dry weight. This value was significantly higher than that determined for the extraction performed with 60% aqueous ethanol. The extraction kinetics also showed that the extraction rate was slowed down in the presence of CD, yet the higher extraction capacity of the DES/CD medium was confirmed. Characterisation of the extracts obtained with DES/CD and DES by means of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated that there was no selective extraction of any particular polyphenol, suggesting that CD acted merely as an extraction booster.
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Abbreviations
- A AR :
-
Antiradical activity (μmol DPPH g−1)
- D e :
-
Diffusivity (m2 s−1)
- h :
-
Initial extraction rate (mg g−1 min−1)
- k :
-
Second-order extraction rate constant (g mg−1 min−1)
- P R :
-
Reducing power (μmol AAE g−1)
- R L/S :
-
Liquid-to-solid ratio (mL g−1)
- t :
-
Time (min)
- T :
-
Temperature (°C)
- Y TFn :
-
Yield in total flavonoids (mg RtE g−1)
- Y TP :
-
Yield in total polyphenols (mg GAE g−1)
- Y TP(s) :
-
Yield in total polyphenols at saturation (mg GAE g−1)
- AAEs:
-
Ascorbic acid equivalents
- CD:
-
Methyl β-cyclodextrin
- DESs:
-
Deep eutectic solvents
- DPPH:
-
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical
- GAEs:
-
Gallic acid equivalents
- OLLs:
-
Olea europaea leaves
- RtE:
-
Rutin equivalents
- TPTZ:
-
2,4,6-Tripyridyl-s-triazine
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Athanasiadis, V., Grigorakis, S., Lalas, S. et al. Methyl β-cyclodextrin as a booster for the extraction for Olea europaea leaf polyphenols with a bio-based deep eutectic solvent. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 8, 345–355 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-017-0283-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-017-0283-5