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Thermochemical valorization of camelina straw waste via fast pyrolysis

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Abstract

The present work investigates the thermochemical valorization of camelina straw, which is a waste generated during the harvesting of Camelina sativa, an oilseed crop for the production of biodiesel or hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). In particular, it is focused on obtaining bio-oil via thermal or catalytic fast pyrolysis, which would be the first stage on a sequence of chemical processes for biofuel production. The catalytic interference of the inorganic matter present in the biomass was studied by preparing a batch of de-ashed camelina straw by washing with diluted nitric acid. Chemical analysis revealed this treatment effectively removed alkaline (K and Na) and alkaline earth (Ca and Mg) metals. Pyrolysis of de-ashed camelina straw led to higher mass and energy yields of bio-oil in water-free basis (bio-oil*), but with higher oxygen concentration. Catalytic pyrolysis over HZSM-5 was also studied in both raw and de-ashed feedstocks. This catalyst promoted mainly decarbonylation and decarboxylation reactions of the pyrolysis vapors, leading to much higher gas yields and lower of bio-oil*, but with better quality. Catalytic pyrolysis of untreated camelina straw exhibited a synergetic effect between both the inorganic matter and the external HZSM-5 catalyst, so that bio-oil* yield was the lowest (20 wt%) due to an extensive deoxygenation (18 wt% oxygen content), which resulted in the highest HHV obtained (37.3 MJ/kgdb). Significant differences were also found on the molecular composition of the bio-oils* with larger proportion of anhydro sugars when the biomass was de-ashed, while HZSM-5 strongly promoted the formation of oxygenated aromatics and aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ 2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 604307 (CASCATBEL project) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Subprogram INNPACTO 2012 (IPT-2012-0219-120000).

CLARIANT is highly acknowledged for supplying HZSM-5 zeolite. Camelina Company España S.L. is acknowledged for supplying the camelina straw. CIEMAT (Spain), and in particular Dr. Ignacio Ballesteros, is acknowledged for assessing the biopolymers composition of the biomass.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Thermochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Móstoles, 28935, Madrid, Spain

    H. Hernando, J. Fermoso, I. Moreno, J. M. Coronado, D. P. Serrano & P. Pizarro

  2. Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain

    I. Moreno, D. P. Serrano & P. Pizarro

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  1. H. Hernando
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Correspondence to P. Pizarro.

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Hernando, H., Fermoso, J., Moreno, I. et al. Thermochemical valorization of camelina straw waste via fast pyrolysis. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 7, 277–287 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-017-0262-x

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