Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) is the main vector of tropical diseases such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Due to the overuse of insecticides, Ae. aegypti resistant populations have increased. Biological control with Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Ahmed) has been used against Culex sp. and Anopheles sp. Although Ae. aegypti is refractory to the binary toxin of L. sphaericus spores, vegetative cells have been shown to be effective against Ae. aegypti larvae. In this work, the effect of L. sphaericus vegetative cells on Ae. aegypti temephos-resistant larvae was assessed under lab and simulated field conditions. L. sphaericus caused about 90% mortality of insecticide-resistant Ae. aegypti larvae under simulated field conditions. Likewise, Ae. aegypti larvae were more sensitive to mixed cultures of L. sphaericus than to individual strains; then, the most effective mixed culture exhibited an LC50 of 1.21 × 105 CFU/mL with Rockefeller larvae and 8.04 × 104 CFU/mL with field-collected larvae. Additionally, we found that mixed cultures composed of two L. sphaericus strains were more effective than a culture formed by the three strains. Our results suggest that mixed cultures comprising L. sphaericus vegetative cells could be useful for controlling temephos-resistant populations of Ae. aegypti, as evidenced by the effectiveness demonstrated under laboratory and simulated field conditions.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the National Institute of Health (INS) in Bogotá, Colombia, for the donated individuals, and to Marlon Salgado and Nestor Pintor for the field-strain collection. We want to thank Nicole Adriana Bruskewitz and Douglas Waters for the language assistance. We also want to thank Camilo Andres Gómez-Garzón for critical review of the manuscript. This study was funded by the Research Fund at the School of Science at Universidad de los Andes and the Microbiological Research Center (CIMIC).
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Rojas-Pinzón, P.A., Silva-Fernández, J.J. & Dussán, J. Laboratory and simulated-field bioassays for assessing mixed cultures of Lysinibacillus sphaericus against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae resistant to temephos. Appl Entomol Zool 53, 183–191 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-017-0534-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-017-0534-8