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An Action Research Study in an Icelandic Preschool: Developing Consensus About Values and Values Education

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Abstract

Values education is embedded in the curricula of all the Nordic countries. However, values education remains a neglected area for research and practice in early childhood education and care. This article reports on the aspects of an action research project conducted in a preschool in Iceland, across a period of 18 months. The study focused on the nature of the values that the preschool teachers deemed as important to communicate to children and how they saw their own role in values education. Habermas’ theory of communicative action is the theoretical framework of the study. Data for this study were gathered in collaboration with the seven preschool teachers who participated in the study. The preschool teachers chose three values to focus on during the action research project: care, respect, and discipline. The data consisted of audio recordings from meetings, interviews, and journal writings. Thematic analysis was used to find themes and patterns in the data. Five themes were identified concerning the preschool teachers’ role in values education: being a good role model, use of language, discussion, guidance, and direction. The findings showed that the participating preschool teachers emphasized children’s participation and development of social skills. While these data were collected in just one Icelandic preschool, it appeared that the preschool teachers strongly valued mutual understanding and meaningful interactions with the children.

Résumé

L’éducation aux valeurs est incluse dans les programmes de tous les pays nordiques. Cependant, l’éducation aux valeurs reste un domaine négligé dans la recherche et la pratique en éducation et garde des jeunes enfants. Cet article présente des aspects d’un projet de recherche action réalisé dans un centre préscolaire en Islande, pendant une période de 18 mois. L’étude se concentre sur la nature des valeurs que les éducateurs préscolaires estiment importantes à communiquer aux enfants et comment ils voient leur propre rôle en éducation aux valeurs. La théorie de l’action communicative d’Habermas est le cadre théorique de cette étude. Les données ont été collectées en collaboration avec les sept éducateurs qui ont participé à l’étude. Les éducateurs préscolaires ont choisi trois valeurs sur lesquelles ils souhaitaient mettre l’accent pendant le projet de recherche action : le soin, le respect et la discipline. Les données se composent d’enregistrements audio de réunions, d’entretiens et de notes de journal. L’analyse thématique a été utilisée pour trouver les thèmes et les modèles dans les données. Cinq thèmes ont été identifiés en ce qui concerne le rôle des éducateurs préscolaires en éducation aux valeurs : être un bon exemple, l’utilisation du langage, la discussion, le conseil et le contrôle. Les résultats montrent que les éducateurs préscolaires insistent sur la participation des enfants et sur le développement de leurs aptitudes sociales. Alors que ces données proviennent d’un seul centre préscolaire islandais, il apparaît que les éducateurs préscolaires valorisent fortement la compréhension mutuelle et les interactions significatives avec les enfants.

Resumen

La educación en valores se incorpora en los currículos escolares de todos los países nórdicos. Sin embargo, la educación en valores sigue siendo un área descuidada para la investigación y la práctica en la educación y la atención de la primera infancia. En este artículo se informa sobre los aspectos de un proyecto de investigación-acción llevado a cabo en una escuela preescolar en Islandia, a través de un período de 18 meses. El estudio se centró en la naturaleza de los valores que los maestros de preescolar consideraron importantes para fomentar en los niños y en cómo veían su propio rol en la educación en valores. La teoría de la acción comunicativa de Habermas es el marco teórico del estudio. Los datos para este estudio fueron coleccionados en colaboración con los siete maestros de preescolar que participaron en el estudio. Los maestros de preescolar eligieron tres valores en los que centrar su atención en el transcurso del proyecto de investigación-acción: el cuidado, el respeto y la disciplina. Los datos consistían en grabaciones de audio de las reuniones, entrevistas y escrituras de diarios. Se aplicó el análisis temático para encontrar temas y pautas en los datos. Se identificaron cinco temas en relación con el rol de los maestros de preescolar en la educación valores: ser un buen modelo de rol a seguir, el uso del lenguaje, la discusión, la instrucción y el control. Los resultados mostraron que los maestros de preescolar hicieron hincapié en la participación y el desarrollo de las habilidades sociales de los niños. Mientras se recogieron estos datos en una sola escuela preescolar islandesa, parecía que los maestros de preescolar valoraron fuertemente la comprensión mutua y las interacciones significativas con los niños.

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Acknowledgments

The study was part of a Nordic research project focusing on values education in Nordic preschools (Values Education in Nordic Preschools (2013–2015). The Nordic project is funded by NordForsk. In addition, this study was further funded by the City of Reykjavík and the University of Iceland, School of education.

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Correspondence to Ingibjorg Sigurdardottir.

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Sigurdardottir, I., Einarsdottir, J. An Action Research Study in an Icelandic Preschool: Developing Consensus About Values and Values Education. IJEC 48, 161–177 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-016-0161-5

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