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A review of diabetes prevention program translations: use of cultural adaptation and implementation research

  • systematic review
  • Published:
Translational Behavioral Medicine

Abstract

The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) has been shown to prevent type 2 diabetes through lifestyle modification. The purpose of this study was to describe the literature on DPP translation, synthesizing studies using cultural adaptation and implementation research. A systematic search was conducted. Original studies evaluating DPP implementation and/or cultural adaptation were included. Data about cultural adaptation, implementation outcomes, and translation strategies was abstracted. A total of 44 were included, of which 15 reported cultural adaptations and 38 explored implementation. Many studies shortened the program length and reported a group format. The most commonly reported cultural adaptation (13 of 15) was with content. At the individual level, the most frequently assessed implementation outcome (n = 30) was adoption. Feasibility was most common (n = 32) at the organization level. The DPP is being tested in a variety of settings and populations, using numerous translational strategies and cultural adaptations. Implementation research that identifies, evaluates, and reports efforts to translate the DPP into practice is crucial.

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Acknowledgments

The work in this paper was supported by the National Cancer Institute and by Cooperative Agreement Number U48/DP001903 from the CDC (the Prevention Research Centers Program). This publication was also made possible by Grant Number 1P30DK092950 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disorders, the Implementation Research Institute (IRI), at the George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis; through an award from the National Institute of Mental Health (R25 MH080916-01A2) and the Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research & Development Service, Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI); and the Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences grant UL1TR000448 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disorders.

Compliance with ethical standards

Research did not involve human participants and/or animals.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Correspondence to Rachel G. Tabak PhD, RD.

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Implications

Practice: Practitioners should consider translational strategies and cultural adaptation including those used in major national initiatives (e.g., the YMCA program, the CDC’s National DPP) to increase program relevance, satisfaction, and participation.

Policy: Support from policymakers is important as translational challenges are multilevel and multifactorial, reflecting the diverse nature of individuals, health systems, and communities.

Research: Researchers can provide detailed reporting of adaptations and lessons learned during translation so the DPP can be effectively adapted for populations that experience a disproportionate burden of obesity and diabetes.

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Tabak, R.G., Sinclair, K.A., Baumann, A.A. et al. A review of diabetes prevention program translations: use of cultural adaptation and implementation research. Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res. 5, 401–414 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-015-0341-0

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