Abstract
Claes et al. recently documented and described the anterolateral ligament (ALL) of the knee, demonstrating its existence in 97% of their samples. Here, we further examined the anatomy of this ligament, documented its morphological variation, and assessed the feasibility of its dissection in preserved cadaveric specimens. To achieve this, we dissected 53 preserved cadaveric knees and documented their morphological variation in the anterolateral ligament. The originally described dissection technique for identifying and following the ALL requires flexion of the knee, a state which is often not possible in stiff, preserved cadavers. Here, we describe and confirm the feasibility of an alternate dissection technique in which the quadriceps femoris tendon is incised, for use on specimens in which flexion of the undissected knee is not possible. We also identify a novel technique for assessing whether the anterolateral ligament is absent from a specimen or has simply been obliterated or overlooked, using the lateral inferior genicular vasculature. These dissection techniques have great potential for the dissection of preserved cadavers used in gross anatomy laboratories, and we discuss the applications of such an approach in student-led dissections. Our dissections also uncovered noticeable variation in the anterolateral ligament course and position. Most notably, it often inserts significantly more laterally than the classical presentation (30.2%), or originates more proximally with superficial fibers extending superiorly and laterally over the distal femur (7.5%).
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Acknowledgements
Funding for this study came from Midwestern University faculty start-up funds (HFS). The authors wish to thank the generous individuals who donated their bodies to medical education. Figures were created by Brent Adrian.
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Cadavers utilized in this study were obtained from the National Body Donor Program in St. Louis, MO, USA. The dissection of cadaveric specimens was performed according to The Common Rule regulations established in the Code of Federal Regulations (USA). The Institutional Review Board at Midwestern University indicated that IRB approval was not required for this project.
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Parker, M., Smith, H.F. Anatomical variation in the anterolateral ligament of the knee and a new dissection technique for embalmed cadaveric specimens. Anat Sci Int 93, 177–187 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-016-0386-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-016-0386-2