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Genetic Analysis of Norovirus Strains that Caused Gastroenteritis Outbreaks Among River Rafters in the Grand Canyon, Arizona

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Abstract

Toilet solid waste samples collected from five outbreaks among rafters in the Grand Canyon were subjected to sequencing analysis of norovirus partial capsid gene. The results revealed that a GI.3 strain was associated with one outbreak, whereas the other outbreaks were caused by GII.5 whose sequences shared >98.9% homology.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank The University of Arizona National Science Foundation (NSF) Water and Environmental Technology (WET) Center and Water Research Foundation for the funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Room A-357, North 13 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan

    Masaaki Kitajima

  2. Amway, 7575 Fulton Street East, Ada, MI, 49355-0001, USA

    Brandon C. Iker

  3. Physician Assistant Program, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA

    Anne Magill-Collins & James D. Stoehr

  4. Environmental Health Division, Coconino County Health Department, Flagstaff, AZ, 86004, USA

    Marlene Gaither

  5. Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Charles P. Gerba

Authors
  1. Masaaki Kitajima
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  2. Brandon C. Iker
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  3. Anne Magill-Collins
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  4. Marlene Gaither
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  5. James D. Stoehr
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  6. Charles P. Gerba
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masaaki Kitajima.

Additional information

Nucleotide Accession Numbers

The nucleotide sequences determined in this study were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers LC150707–LC150711.

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Kitajima, M., Iker, B.C., Magill-Collins, A. et al. Genetic Analysis of Norovirus Strains that Caused Gastroenteritis Outbreaks Among River Rafters in the Grand Canyon, Arizona. Food Environ Virol 9, 238–240 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-017-9282-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-017-9282-8

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