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The Effect of Fatigue on the Performance of Online Writer Recognition

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Abstract

The performance of biometric modalities based on things done by the subject, like signature and text-based recognition, may be affected by the subject’s state. Fatigue is one of the conditions that can significantly affect the outcome of handwriting tasks. Recent research has already shown that physical fatigue produces measurable differences in some features extracted from common writing and drawing tasks. It is important to establish to which extent physical fatigue contributes to the intra-person variability observed in these biometric modalities and also to know whether the performance of recognition methods is affected by fatigue. In this paper, we assess the impact of fatigue on intra-user variability and on the performance of signature-based and text-based writer recognition approaches encompassing both identification and verification. Several signature and text recognition methods are considered and applied to samples gathered after different levels of induced fatigue, measured by metabolic and mechanical assessment and also by subjective perception. The recognition methods are dynamic time warping and multi-section vector quantization, for signatures, and allographic text-dependent recognition for text in capital letters. For each fatigue level, the identification and verification performance of these methods is measured. Signature shows no statistically significant intra-user impact, but text does. On the other hand, performance of signature-based recognition approaches is negatively impacted by fatigue, whereas the impact is not noticeable in text-based recognition, provided long enough sequences are considered.

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Funding

This work was supported by a Spanish grant PID2020-113242RB-I00.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Escola Superior Politècnica & Escola Superior de Ciències de La Salut, TecnoCampus Mataró-Maresme, Barcelona, Spain

    Enric Sesa-Nogueras, Marcos Faundez-Zanuy & Manuel-Vicente Garnacho-Castaño

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  1. Enric Sesa-Nogueras
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  2. Marcos Faundez-Zanuy
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  3. Manuel-Vicente Garnacho-Castaño
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Correspondence to Marcos Faundez-Zanuy.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. For this type of study formal consent is not required. This chapter does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Sesa-Nogueras, E., Faundez-Zanuy, M. & Garnacho-Castaño, MV. The Effect of Fatigue on the Performance of Online Writer Recognition. Cogn Comput 13, 1374–1388 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-021-09943-5

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