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Biochronological and palaeobiogeographical significance of the earliest Miocene mammal fauna from Northern Vietnam

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Abstract

Current scientific knowledge of Tertiary fossils from south of the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone is extremely poor, in sharp contrast with the situation nowadays, as the area of Laos and Vietnam is regarded as a global hotspot of biodiversity. In this context, the few localities that yielded fossil assemblages are of first importance for the understanding of Cenozoic palaeobiogeography and the tectonic and palaeogeographical evolution of the region. Hang Mon 1 (Son La Province, Northern Vietnam) was the first site that provided evidence of Tertiary mammals, but its age remained very controversial, interpretations ranging from Oligocene to Late Miocene. Herein, we re-investigate the mammal fauna of the locality based on newly collected material and previously published fossil mammals. A new outcrop, Hang Mon 2, provides evidence of the rhinoceroses Pleuroceros blanfordi and Bugtirhinus sp. Together with the earlier finds of uncommonly small-sized Protaceratherium, these fossils allow a correlation to the earliest Miocene (most probably ranging from ~23 to ~21 Ma; Aquitanian) based on faunal comparison with the Sulaiman Province of Pakistan. The revision of the mammals from Hang Mon 1 is in agreement with this stratigraphic proposal. In addition, the discoveries from Vietnam (the rhinocerotid assemblage and Hyotherium) further support the hypothesis of strong biogeographical and environmental affinities between Europe, the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia (Vietnam) during the Aquitanian.

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Acknowledgements

In first place, Herbert H. Covert (Boulder) is thanked for kindly providing casts of the material he found during his previous field campaign at Hang Mon.

Access to comparative rhino material for POA was funded by the ANR-PALASIAFRICA Program (ANR-08-JCJC-0011-01 – ANR-ERC). Many thanks to J.C. Barry and D. Pilbeam (Anthropology Department, Harvard University & Peabody Museum, USA), as well as to P. Dalous, F. Duranthon and G. Fleury (Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, France), for granting access to the collections under their care.

JvdM thanks the following persons for allowing access to material or helping in any other way: J. Agustí, M.T. Alberdi, M. Arif, E. Büttiker, Chen Guanfang, F. Chevrier, G. Daxner Höck, F. Duranthon, B. Engesser, S.T. Hussain, V. Fahlbusch, O. Fejfar, J. Galkin, A. Galobart, L. Ginsburg, C. de Giuli, W. Gräf, Guan Jian, C. Guérin, K. Heissig, J. Hooker, M. Hugueney, K.A. Hünermann, Liu Liping, E. Menéndez, J. Morales, M. Muungu, R. Niederl, R. O’Leary, Pan Yuerong, M. Philippe, G. Plodowski, K. Rauscher, G. Rössner, G. Scharfe, F. Schrenk, P.Y. Sondaar, J. Sudre, M. Telles Antunes, Tong Haowen, G. Tronchetti. JvdM received support from project CGL2012-38434-C03-02.

The excavations and fossil preparation were financially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; Grant Numbers BO 1550/11-1, 2). Several of the authors are members of the GDRI (International research Network) entitled “Paleobiodiversity of South East Asia” sponsored by the National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS). Finally, we acknowledge Kurt Heißig (Munich) and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive suggestions. We are grateful to Sinje Weber (Frankfurt) for her help during the mover of this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth- and Environmental Science, Palaeontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333, Munich, Germany

    Jérôme Prieto

  2. Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333, Munich, Germany

    Jérôme Prieto

  3. Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution, cc 64, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 05, France

    Pierre-Olivier Antoine

  4. Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, c. José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    Jan van der Made

  5. CR2P, Paléobiodiversité et Paléoenvironnements, UMR 7207 (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC), 8 rue Buffon, CP 38, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France

    Grégoire Métais

  6. Vietnam National Museum of Nature, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet str., Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Laq The Phuc

  7. Geological Museum, 6 Pham Ngu Lao Str, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Quý Trương Quan

  8. CASP, 181A Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DH, UK

    Simon Schneider

  9. Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam (DGMV), 6 Pham Ngu Lao Str, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Dang Ngoc Tran & Luong The Viet

  10. JURASSICA Museum, Route de Fontenais, 21 2900, Porrentruy, Switzerland

    Davit Vasilyan

  11. Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musée 6, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland

    Davit Vasilyan

  12. Department of Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University, Sigwartstr. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany

    Madelaine Böhme

  13. Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), Sigwartstr. 10, Tübingen, Germany

    Madelaine Böhme

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  1. Jérôme Prieto
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Correspondence to Jérôme Prieto.

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Prieto, J., Antoine, PO., van der Made, J. et al. Biochronological and palaeobiogeographical significance of the earliest Miocene mammal fauna from Northern Vietnam. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 98, 287–313 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-017-0295-y

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