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Effects of Ni and Cr on Cryogenic Impact Toughness of Bainite/Martensite Multiphase Steels

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Abstract

In the present research, the effects of Nickel (Ni) and Chromium (Cr) on cryogenic impact toughness (CIT) of low-carbon bainite/martensite multiphase steels [processed by two different cooling processes: isothermal transformation process (ITP) and continuous cooling process (CCP)] were investigated. It was found that due to the formation of carbides during isothermal treatment, the addition of Ni and Cr yielded no significant improvements in CIT. However, during CCP treatment, the addition of Ni manifested a considerable enhancement in CIT, whereas the addition of both Ni and Cr caused a decrease in CIT. Further, after ITP treatment, the microstructure of all steels consisted of bainite and martenite, while Ni + Cr steel contained the largest amount of bainite. The microstructures of the CCP-treated steels mainly also consisted of bainite and martensite, but no retained austenite and carbides were observed, thus resulting in a superior CIT.

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Abbreviations

CIT:

Cryogenic impact toughness

ITP:

Isothermal transformation process

CCP:

Continuous cooling process

Ni:

Nickel

Cr:

Chromium

Bs:

Starting temperature of bainitic transformation

Ms:

Starting temperature of martensitic transformation

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

TEM:

Transmission electron microscope

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

RA:

Retained austenite

M:

Martensite

BF:

Bainitic ferrite

TM:

Tempered martensite

TC:

Tempered carbide

M/A:

Martensite and austenite

GB:

Granular bainite

LM:

Lath martensite

AM:

Prior martensite

FM:

Fresh martensite

Mn:

Manganese

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos. 51874216 and 51704217), The Major Projects of Technology Innovation of Hubei Province (No. 2017AAA116), The project of Science and Technology Plan of Wuhan (No. 2018010402011187) and Hebei Joint Research Fund for Iron and Steel (No.E2018318013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Mail Box 131, 947 Heping Avenue, Qingshan District, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China

    Zishan Yao, Guang Xu, Junyu Tian, Qing Yuan & Hongwei Ma

  2. School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia

    Zhengyi Jiang

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  1. Zishan Yao
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  2. Guang Xu
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Correspondence to Guang Xu.

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Yao, Z., Xu, G., Jiang, Z. et al. Effects of Ni and Cr on Cryogenic Impact Toughness of Bainite/Martensite Multiphase Steels. Met. Mater. Int. 25, 1151–1160 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-019-00262-x

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