Skip to main content
Log in

The GeoSteiner software package for computing Steiner trees in the plane: an updated computational study

  • Full Length Paper
  • Published:
Mathematical Programming Computation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The GeoSteiner software package has for about 20 years been the fastest (publicly available) program for computing exact solutions to Steiner tree problems in the plane. The computational study by Warme, Winter and Zachariasen, published in 2000, documented the performance of the GeoSteiner approach—allowing the exact solution of Steiner tree problems with more than a thousand terminals. Since then, a number of algorithmic enhancements have improved the performance of the software package significantly. We describe these (previously unpublished) enhancements, and present a new computational study wherein we run the current code on the largest problem instances from the 2000-study, and on a number of larger problem instances. The computational study is performed using the commercial GeoSteiner 4.0 code base, and the performance is compared to the publicly available GeoSteiner 3.1 code base as well as the code base from the 2000-study. The software studied in the paper is being released as GeoSteiner 5.0 under an open source license.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Link to graph instances: http://dimacs11.zib.de/downloads.html.

  2. The GeoSteiner branch-and-cut framework was written in 1995–1998. At that time the CPLEX MIP solver was too primitive to provide good support for user-provided separation algorithms, primal heuristics and other plugins currently taken for granted—so we wrote our own branch-and-cut framework using CPLEX as just an LP solver. This also made it easier to support other LP solvers such as lp_solve.

References

  1. Althaus, E.: Berechnung optimaler Steinerbäume in der Ebene. Master’s thesis, Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik in Saarbrücken, Universität des Saarlandes (1998)

  2. Applegate, D., Bixby, R., Chvátal, V., Cook, W.: TSP cuts which do not conform to the template paradigm. In: Jünger, M., Naddef, D. (eds.) Computational combinatorial optimization. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2241. Springer, Berlin (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Beasley, J.E.: OR-library: distributing test problems by electronic mail. J. Oper. Res. Soc. 41, 1069–1072 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Brazil, M., Thomas, D.A., Weng, J.F., Zachariasen, M.: Canonical forms and algorithms for Steiner trees in uniform orientation metrics. Algorithmica 44, 281–300 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Brazil, M., Zachariasen, M.: Steiner trees for fixed orientation metrics. J. Glob. Optim. 43, 141–169 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Brazil, M., Zachariasen, M.: The uniform orientation Steiner tree problem is NP-hard. Int. J. Comput. Geom. 24, 87–105 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Brazil, M., Zachariasen, M.: Optimal Interconnection Trees in the Plane: Theory, Algorithms and Applications. Springer, Berlin (2015)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  8. Fößmeier, U., Kaufmann, M.: Solving rectilinear Steiner tree problems exactly in theory and practice. In: Burkard, R., Woeginger, G. (eds.) Algorithms ESA 97, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1284, pp. 171–185. Springer, Berlin (1997)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Garey, M.R., Graham, R.L., Johnson, D.S.: The complexity of computing Steiner minimal trees. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 32(4), 835–859 (1977)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Garey, M.R., Johnson, D.S.: The rectilinear Steiner tree problem is NP-complete. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 32(4), 826–834 (1977)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Gilbert, E.N., Pollak, H.O.: Steiner minimal trees. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 16(1), 1–29 (1968)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Hanan, M.: On Steiner’s problem with rectilinear distance. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 14(2), 255–265 (1966)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Huang, T., Young, E.F.Y.: Obsteiner: an exact algorithm for the construction of rectilinear Steiner minimum trees in the presence of complex rectilinear obstacles. IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 32(6), 882–893 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hwang, F.K., Richards, D.S.: Steiner tree problems. Networks 22, 55–89 (1992)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Hwang, F.K., Richards, D.S., Winter, P.: The Steiner Tree Problem. Annals of Discrete Mathematics, vol. 53. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kahng, A.B., Mandoiu, I.I., Zelikovsky, A.Z.: Highly scalable algorithms for rectilinear and octilinear Steiner trees. In: Proceedings of the Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference, New York, pp. 827–833 (2003)

  17. Mehlhorn, K., Näher, S.: LEDA: a library of efficient data types and algorithms. In: Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Colloquim on Automata, Languages and Programming, pp. 1–5 (1990)

  18. Mehlhorn, K., Näher, S.: LEDA—A Platform for Combinatorial and Geometric Computing. Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik, Saarbrücken http://www.mpi-sb.mpg.de/LEDA/leda.html (1996)

  19. Mehlhorn, K., Näher, S.: LEDA—A Platform for Combinatorial and Geometric Computing. Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik, Saarbrücken (1996). http://www.mpi-sb.mpg.de/LEDA/leda.html

  20. Polzin, T., Daneshmand, S.V.: On Steiner trees and minimum spanning trees in hypergraphs. Oper. Res. Lett. 31, 12–20 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Salowe, J.S., Warme, D.M.: Thirty-five-point rectilinear Steiner minimal trees in a day. Networks 25(2), 69–87 (1995)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. Smith, J.M., Lee, D.T., Liebman, J.S.: An \(O(n \log n)\) heuristic for Steiner minimal tree problems on the Euclidean metric. Networks 11, 23–29 (1981)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Thomborson, C.D., Alpern, B., Carter, L.: Rectilinear Steiner tree minimization on a workstation. In: Dean, N., Shannon, G.E. (eds.) Computational Support for Discrete Mathematics, DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 15, pp. 119–136. American Mathematical Society, Providence (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Warme, D. M.: Spanning Trees in Hypergraphs with Applications to Steiner Trees. PhD thesis, University of Virginia, (1998)

  25. Warme, D.M., Winter, P., Zachariasen, M.: Exact algorithms for plane Steiner tree problems: a computational study. In: Du, D.-Z., Smith, J.M., Rubinstein, J.H. (eds.) Advances in Steiner Trees, pp. 81–116. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (2000)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Widmayer, P., Wu, Y.F., Wong, C.K.: On some distance problems in fixed orientations. SIAM J. Comput. 16(4), 728–746 (1987)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Winter, P.: An algorithm for the Steiner problem in the Euclidean plane. Networks 15, 323–345 (1985)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Winter, P., Zachariasen, M.: Euclidean Steiner minimum trees: an improved exact algorithm. Networks 30, 149–166 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. Zachariasen, M.: Rectilinear full Steiner tree generation. Networks 33, 125–143 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  30. Zachariasen, M., Rohe, A.: Rectilinear group Steiner trees and applications in VLSI design. Math. Program. 94, 407–433 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  31. Zachariasen, M., Winter, P.: Concatenation-based greedy heuristics for the Euclidean Steiner tree problem. Algorithmica 25, 418–437 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  32. Zachariasen, M., Winter, P.: Obstacle-avoiding Euclidean Steiner trees in the plane: an exact algorithm. In: Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experimentation (ALENEX), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1619, pp. 282–295. Springer, Baltimore (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the referees for their comments that helped to improve this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniel Juhl.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Juhl, D., Warme, D.M., Winter, P. et al. The GeoSteiner software package for computing Steiner trees in the plane: an updated computational study. Math. Prog. Comp. 10, 487–532 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12532-018-0135-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12532-018-0135-8

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation