Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

An integrated approach for threat assessment and damage identification on built heritage in climate-sensitive territories: the Albenga case study (San Clemente church)

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Applied Geomatics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Climate change represents an increasing threat to cultural heritage all around the world. In particular, the consequences of extreme weather events like tornados, heavy rain, and flooding can significantly damage built heritage and archeological sites. To face such issues, an integrated approach for threat assessment and damage identification is of primary importance for managing sites threatened by extreme weather events and climate change. This paper presents a holistic approach for risk assessment and management, specifically focusing on flooding, addressing San Clemente church in Albenga (Northern Italy). Located in the Centa riverbed, and dating back to the fifth century, San Clemente church has a complex historical stratification that reflects the changes that occurred in the area. The integrated approach included the analysis of historical, geometrical-dimensional, and meteorological data to identify the main threats associated with the site through a modified version of the ABC method. In fact, together with the standard categories, we added the category “Sensitivity to change” in order to understand the possibility for the archeological site to change without adverse impacts on its heritage significance. Starting with identified risks, it was possible to define a proper survey strategy to evaluate damages caused by flooding. Through the comparison of pre- and post-flooding condition of the church, it was possible to analyze the damages to the archeological site.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Accardo G, Giani E, Giovagnoli A (2003) The risk map of Italian cultural heritage. J Archit Conserv 9(2):41–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agapiou A, Lysandrou V, Alexakis DD, Themistocleous K, Cuca B, Argyriou A, Sarris A, Hadjimitsis DG (2015) Cultural heritage management and monitoring using remote sensing data and GIS: the case study of Paphos area, Cyprus. Comput Environ Urban Syst 54:230–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alfieri L, Burek P, Feyen L, Forzieri G (2015) Global warming increases the frequency of river floods in Europe. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 19(5):2247–2260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andreou GM, Opitz R, Manning SW, Fisher KD, Sewell DA, Georgiou A, Urban T (2017) Integrated methods for understanding and monitoring the loss of coastal archaeological sites: the case of Tochni-Lakkia, south-central Cyprus. J Archaeol Sci Rep 12:197–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Apel H, Aronica GT, Kreibich H, Thieken AH (2009) Flood risk analyses—how detailed do we need to be? Nat Hazards 49(1):79–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnbjerg-Nielsen K, Willems P, Olsson J, Beecham S, Pathirana A, Bülow Gregersen I, Madsen H, Nguyen VTV (2013) Impacts of climate change on rainfall extremes and urban drainage systems: a review. Water Sci Technol 68(1):16–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arobba D, Caramiello R (2006) Rassegna dei ritrovamenti paleobotanici d’interesse alimentare in Liguria tra Neolitico ed età del Ferro e variazioni d’uso del territorio. In Archeobotanica e alimentazione. Workshop, Vol 18. Firenze, pp 255–273

  • Arobba D, Firpo M, Massabò B, Piccazzo M, Poggi F, Ramella A (2006) Geoarcheologia del sistema deltizio del fiume Centa (Albenga-Liguria Occidentale). In: N. Cucuzza, M. Medri (eds) Archeologie. Studi in onore di Tiziano Mannoni, pp 25–28

  • Ball D, Watt J (2008) Risk management and cultural heritage. Middlesex University, School of Health, Biological and Environmental Sciences, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Barazzetti L, Scaioni M, Remondino F (2010) Orientation and 3D modelling from markerless terrestrial images: combining accuracy with automation. Photogramm Rec 25(132):356–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burke S, Macdonald S (2014) Creativity and conservation: managing significance at the Sydney Opera House. APT Bull 45(2–3):31–37

  • Cowley DC (2011) Remote sensing for archaeological heritage management. EAC occasional paper no. 5. Occasional publication of the aerial archaeology research group no. 3. Europae Archaeologiae Consilium: Budapest, Hungary, p 307

  • De Reu J, Plets G, Verhoeven G, De Smedt P, Bats M, Cherretté B, Van Meirvenne M (2013) Towards a three-dimensional cost-effective registration of the archaeological heritage. J Archaeol Sci 40(2):1108–1121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Del Lucchese A, Gambaro L (2008) Archeologia in Liguria, n.s., Vol. I, 2004–2005, Genova De Ferrari

  • Fatorić S, Seekamp E (2017) Are cultural heritage and resources threatened by climate change? A systematic literature review. Clim Chang 142(1–2):227–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gagliolo S, Fagandini R, Federici B, Ferrando I, Passoni D, Pagliari D, Pinto L, Sguerso D (2017) Use of UAS for the conservation of historical buildings in case of emergencies. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives 42(5W1):81–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallay M, Lloyd CD, McKinley J, Barry L (2013) Assessing modern ground survey methods and airborne laser scanning for digital terrain modelling: a case study from the Lake District, England. Comput Geosci 51:216–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghose S (1999) Protection against natural and manmade disasters. Risk preparedness for cultural properties: development of guidelines for emergency response, 159

  • Gomez-Heras M, McCabe S (2015) Weathering of stone-built heritage: a lens through which to read the Anthropocene. Anthropocene 11:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grussenmeyer P, Landes T, Voegtle T, Ringle K (2008) Comparison methods of terrestrial laser scanning, photogrammetry and tacheometry data for recording of cultural heritage buildings. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci 37(B5):213–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Guidi G, Russo M, Ercoli S, Remondino F, Rizzi A, Menna F (2009) A multi-resolution methodology for the 3D modeling of large and complex archeological areas. Int J Archit Comput 7(1):39–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herle I, Herbstová V, Kupka M, Kolymbas D (2010) Geotechnical problems of cultural heritage due to floods. J Perform Constr Facil 24(5):446–451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huong HTL, Pathirana A (2013) Urbanization and climate change impacts on future urban flooding in Can Tho city, Vietnam. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 17:379–394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ICCROM (2016). A guide to risk management of cultural heritage, http://www.iccrom.org/wp-content/uploads/Guide-to-Risk-Managment_English.pdf

  • ICOMOS (1993). International Scientific Committee, Conservation Economics, https://www.icomos.org/publications/93econom3.pdf

  • IPCC (2014) IPCC fifth assessment report: climate change 2014, Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Jung FC (2010) From “Blue Shield” to disaster management: the awareness and actions of risk preparedness from world’s cultural property. J Cult Property Conserv 12:43–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamboglia N (1934) Per l’archeologia di Albingaunum. Collana Storico-Archeologica della Liguria Occidentale, Società storico-archeologica ingauna e intemelia, Vol. III, Albenga, 57–59 

  • Liu B (2010) Uncertain risk analysis and uncertain reliability analysis. Journal of Uncertain Systems 4(3):163–170

  • Lerma JL, Navarro S, Cabrelles M, Villaverde V (2010) Terrestrial laser scanning and close range photogrammetry for 3D archaeological documentation: the Upper Palaeolithic Cave of Parpalló as a case study. J Archaeol Sci 37(3):499–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massabò B (2006) Albenga (Sv) – L’area archeologica nell’alveo del Centa: le terme pubbliche romane e la chiesa di San Clemente. The Journal of Fasti Online, www.fastionline.org/docs/FOLDER-it-2006-70.pdf

  • Massabò B (2010) Topografia di Albenga romana. Albenga. Un antico spazio cristiano. Chiesa e monastero di San Calocero al Monte, Fratelli Frilli Editori, pp 73–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Minos-Minopoulos D, Dominey-Howes D, Pavlopoulos K (2017) Vulnerability assessment of archaeological sites to earthquake hazard: an indicator based method integrating spatial and temporal aspects. Ann Geophys 60(4):0445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell KD (2017) Cultural heritage and rising seas: water management, governance, and heritage in Venice and Amsterdam. UVM Honors College Senior Theses. 161. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/161

  • Muller A, Reiter J, Weiland U (2011) Assessment of urban vulnerability towards floods using an indicator based approach—a case study for Santiago de Chile. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 11:2107–2123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nadel D, Filin S, Rosenberg D, Miller V (2015) Prehistoric bedrock features: recent advances in 3D characterization and geometrical analyses. J Archaeol Sci 53:331–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Trust for Historic Preservation (1993) Information Booklet No. 82. https://www.ncptt.nps.gov/wpcontent/uploads/NTHP-Information-Booklet-82-Flood-Damage-and-Older-Homes.pdf

  • Paolini A, Vafadari A, Cesaro G, Santana Quintero M, Van Balen K, Vileikis O, Fakhoury L (2012). Risk Management At Heritage Sites a Case Study of the Petra World Heritage Site. A Case Study of the Petra World Heritage Site. Amman, Jordan

  • Pelling M (2011) Adaptation to climate change: from resilience to transformation. Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Pergola P (2010) Albenga alla fine dell’antichità e durante l’Altomedioevo: proposte per un’immagine della città. Albenga. Un antico spazio cristiano. Chiesa e monastero di San Calocero al Monte, Fratelli Frilli Editori, pp 31–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Piccazzo M, Firpo M, Ivaldi R, Arobba D (1994) Il delta del fiume Centa (Liguria occidentale): un esempio di modificazione recente del clima e del paesaggio. Il Quaternario 7(1):293–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Price RK, Vojinovic Z (2011) Urban hydroinformatics: data, models, and decision support for integrated urban water management. IWA Publishing, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeder-Myers LA (2015) Cultural heritage at risk in the twenty-first century: a vulnerability assessment of coastal archaeological sites in the United States. J Island Coast Archaeol 10(3):436–445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Remondino F, El-Hakim S (2006) Image-based 3D modelling: a review. Photogramm Rec 21(115):269–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Remondino F, Rizzi A (2010) Reality-based 3D documentation of natural and cultural heritage sites—techniques, problems, and examples. Appl Geomatics 2(3):85–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santoro E (2017) The acquisition, production & dissemination of geospatial data for emergency management & preservation of cultural heritage. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives 42(5W1):15–24

  • Shao W, Keim BD, Garand JC, Hamilton LC (2014) Weather, climate, and the economy: explaining risk perceptions of global warming, 2001–10. Weather Clim Soc 6(1):119–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO (2010) Managing disaster risks for world heritage. UNESCO, Paris, p 2010. isbn:978-92-3-104165-5

  • Vosselman G, Maas HG (2010) Airborne and terrestrial laser scanning. CRC Pres, Boca Raton

  • Waller RR (1995) Risk Management Applied to Preventive Conservation. Storage of Natural History Collections. A Preventive Conservation Approach 1:21–27

  • Wisner B, Gaillard JC, Kelman I (eds) (2012) Handbook of hazards and disaster risk reduction and management. Routledge, London

  • Zucchi V. (1938) Topografia storica della piana di Albenga nel Medio evo - I. I corsi d’acqua. Rivista Ingauna E Intemelia, IV(1–4), pp. 18–52

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Politecnico di Milano, Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering, Via Ponzio 31, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Mattia Previtali & Luigi Barazzetti

  2. Politecnico di Milano, Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Via Bonardi 3, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Chiara Stanga

  3. Carleton Immersive Media Studio, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada

    Thomas Molnar

  4. Department of Engineering, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 12200, Leuven, Belgium

    Lore Van Meerbeek

Authors
  1. Mattia Previtali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chiara Stanga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Thomas Molnar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lore Van Meerbeek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Luigi Barazzetti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mattia Previtali.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Previtali, M., Stanga, C., Molnar, T. et al. An integrated approach for threat assessment and damage identification on built heritage in climate-sensitive territories: the Albenga case study (San Clemente church). Appl Geomat 10, 485–499 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12518-018-0217-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12518-018-0217-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation