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Geochemistry of deep-sea sediments in two cores retrieved at the mouth of the Coatzacoalcos River delta, western Gulf of Mexico, Mexico

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Abstract

Coastal margins, especially the river-influenced coastal areas, are considered as active interfaces between the continental and oceanic environments, which have huge dispersal of detrital materials and heavy metal input. It is well determined that the fine-grained sediments are important reservoir for the accumulation of heavy metals. In this study, we analyzed the radiocarbon age, texture, organic matter, carbonate content, and geochemical compositions of two sediment cores (GM42 and GM44) retrieved in front of the Coatzacoalcos River mouth basin, southwestern Gulf of Mexico (∼864 and 845 m water depth, respectively). Our objective was to infer the sedimentation rate, intensity of weathering, provenance, and influence of anthropogenic activities on heavy metal contamination in sediments. The radiocarbon-age measurements of mixed planktonic foraminifera for core GM44 reveals an age of 21,289 ± 136 cal. years B.P., which fall within the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21000 ± 2000 years B.P). The calculated sedimentation rate for core GM42 (~0.013 cm/year) is lower than in core GM44 (0.022 cm/year), which is probably due to the variations in detrital sediment input and/or seafloor topography. The weathering indices such as chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW), and plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) suggested that the source area experienced low to moderate intensity of chemical weathering under warm to humid climatic conditions. The SiO2/Al2O3, Al2O3/Na2O, and K2O/Al2O3 ratio values indicated moderate to high compositional maturity. The major and trace element concentrations suggested that the sediments were likely derived from intermediate source rocks. The heavy metal contents indicated that the sediments were not contaminated by the industrial waste disposals supplied by the Coatzacoalcos River. The redox proxy sensitive elements such as V, Cr, Cu, and Zn indicated an oxic depositional environment for the deep-sea sediment cores. The application of discrimination diagrams for the geochemistry data revealed a passive margin setting for the sediment cores. The compositional variations observed at the upper sections (<30 cm) between the two sediment cores revealed that the type of detrital sediments supplied by the Coatzacoalcos River to the deep sea area is not uniform, which is also revealed by the variation in sedimentation rate.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the staff Carlos Linares-López for the SEM-EDS study, Patricia Girón García for the XRD analysis, and Teodoro Hernández Treviño for the heavy mineral separation. We are highly grateful to the laboratory technicians Susana Santiago-Perez, Eduardo Morales de la Garza, Ricardo Martinez, Arturo Ronquillo Arvizu, and Hector Mauricio Alexander Valdez for their help during the deep-sea sample collection and textural study. We also thank the FACIES project micro-paleontological team for their help with the microfossil separation. Our special thanks are to Lic Arturo Ferrer Méndez Flores, librarian, Ciencias de la Tierra, UNAM, for providing us the geology map of the Gulf of Mexico.

We appreciate the partial financial assistance provided by the Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), UNAM, Institutional (no. 616) and Programa de Apoyo a proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (no: IN106117) projects. Sample collection was supported by the Project “FACIES-PEMEX-PEP No. 420401851.” The authors would like to express their gratitude to the crew of Justo Sierra for their cooperation during sample collection. The first author is grateful to the postgraduate Program of ICML and to CONACyT for a postgraduate fellowship. We would like to express our sincere appreciation to the Associate Editor Santanu Banerjee and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which improved our presentation.

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  1. Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, 04510, CDMX, México

    Mayla A. Ramos-Vázquez

  2. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Procesos Oceánicos y Costeros, Circuito Exterior s/n, 04510, CDMX, México

    John S. Armstrong-Altrin, Leticia Rosales-Hoz, María L. Machain-Castillo & Arturo Carranza-Edwards

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Ramos-Vázquez, M.A., Armstrong-Altrin, J.S., Rosales-Hoz, L. et al. Geochemistry of deep-sea sediments in two cores retrieved at the mouth of the Coatzacoalcos River delta, western Gulf of Mexico, Mexico. Arab J Geosci 10, 148 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-2934-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-2934-z

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