Abstract
Groundwater is a vital water supply available in Egypt. Hydrogeochemical processes are important in regulating groundwater quality, impacting human health. In this paper, the relationships between diverse groundwater quality parameters, potential sources of groundwater pollution, and overall health risk were assessed in the Assiut Province, Egypt. For this study, 108 groundwater samples were collected randomly from the study area and analyzed to evaluate their quality. The obtained data were compared to the limit values recommended by the World Health Organization and the Egyptian water standards. The combination of hydrogeochemical and statistical methods proved that the groundwater salinity ranged between fresh and slightly saline. Furthermore, the water–rock interactions, the return flow of the irrigation water, and agricultural fertilizers are the main factors controlling groundwater compositions. Based on human health consideration, 3.7%, 2.8%, 5.6%, 5.6%, and 17.6% of the groundwater samples are rated as poor water due to the elevated concentrations of EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, and SO42−, respectively. Ingesting this water presents a risk to human health and has a serious impact on the skin, hair, and eyes.
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Acknowledgements
Dr. Jianhua Wu and Dr. Fengmei Su are grateful for the support granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42072286, 41761144059 and 42090053), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of CHD (300102299301 and 300102291507), the Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation (161098), and the Ten Thousand Talents Program (W03070125). All authors are thankful to the useful and constructive comments from the editors and reviewers.
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Moustafa Gamal Snousy conducted the investigation and data collection, developed the suitable methodology, and was involved with the writing of the manuscript. Jianhua Wu provided supervision in the presented work, and involved in the writing and editing of the manuscript. Fengmei Su and Ahmed Abdelhalim helped in methodology selection and visualization, and participated in editing of the earlier versions of the manuscript. Esam Ismail helped in figure preparation and edited and wrote the early version of the manuscript.
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Snousy, M.G., Wu, J., Su, F. et al. Groundwater Quality and Its Regulating Geochemical Processes in Assiut Province, Egypt. Expo Health 14, 305–323 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-021-00445-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-021-00445-1