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Bio indices for 2,4-D sensitivity between two plant species: Azolla pinnata R.Br. and Vernonia cinerea L. with their cellular responses

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Abstract

In the present experiment a pteridophytic species Azolla and an angiospermic species Vernonia were evaluated on the basis of cellular reactivity for herbicidal action through ongoing concentrations. Initially, both the species recorded a significant activity of IAA-oxidase as mark of IAA metabolism with herbicidal sensitivity. Still, Vernonia species were more affected on 2,4-D mediated auxin catabolism. The loss of auxin concentrations on the tissues by 2,4-D reaction was also reflected on growth parameters including relative growth rate and chlorophyll biosynthesis. In a dose dependent manner Vernonia plants were more affected with loss of chlorophyll content and decline in relative growth rate. On the other hand, both those parameters were adjusted significantly with 2,4-D accumulation in Azolla. The stability of cellular metabolism was documented by significant down regulation of protein and lipid peroxidation with concomitant moderation to superoxide and hydrogen peroxide accumulation. The later two were more vulnerable to damage in the Vernonia plant with profuse accumulation of protein and lipid peroxidation products. Similarly, tissue specific reaction to superoxide and hydrogen peroxide accumulation were distinctly demarcated in two species significantly. As a whole, the cellular responses and metabolite distribution to 2,4-D sensitization are the features to describe bio-indices for aquatic fern species Azolla with comparison to angiospermic species Vernonia.

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Abbreviations

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

2,4-D:

2,4-dichloro-phenoxy acetic acid

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

O2 − :

Superoxide radical

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

RH:

Relative humidity

TCA:

Trichloro acetic acid

NBT:

Nitro blue tetrazolium

DAB:

Di-amino benzidine

KI:

Potassium iodide

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

DNPH:

2,4 Dinitrophenylhydragene

RWC:

Relative water content

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Acknowledgments

This work is financially supported by DST-PURSE programme, DST, Govt. of INDIA, New Delhi, for University of Kalyani.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Nadia, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India

      Arnab Kumar De & Malay Kumar Adak

    2. Department of Biotechnology, Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India

      Narottam Dey

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    1. Arnab Kumar De
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    Correspondence to Malay Kumar Adak.

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    Arnab Kumar De and Malay Kumar Adak contributed equally.

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    De, A.K., Dey, N. & Adak, M.K. Bio indices for 2,4-D sensitivity between two plant species: Azolla pinnata R.Br. and Vernonia cinerea L. with their cellular responses. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 22, 371–380 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-016-0375-x

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