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DuCLOX-2/5 inhibition: a promising target for cancer chemoprevention

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Abstract

Cancer is a leading cause of death and major health concern worldwide. The animal and human studies support the presumption that inflammation directs the cancer initiation and progression. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) are the key players in the inflammatory cascade contributing towards the angiogenesis, tumor cell invasiveness, and disruption in the pathways of cellular proliferation/apoptosis. Contemporary studies have particularized a promising role of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in cancer chemoprevention. The present review is a pursuit to define implications of dual COX-2 and 5-LOX (DuCLOX-2/5) inhibition on various aspects of cancer augmentation and chemoprevention.

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Abbreviations

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

AA:

Arachidonic acid

Bcl-2:

B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia-2

COX:

Cyclooxygenase

ERK:

Extracellular signal regulated kinase

GDP:

Guanosine diphosphate

GTP:

Guanosine triphosphate

HETE:

Hydroeicosa-tetraenoic acid

HPETE:

Hydroperoxyeicosa-tetraenoic acid

LXs:

Lipoxins

LOX:

Lipoxygenase

LTs:

Leukotrienes

MAPK:

Mitogen activated protein kinase

NSAIDs:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

NF-Kb:

Nuclear factor-kappa B

PPAR:

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor

PI3K/AKT:

Phosphoinositide-3 kinase/AKT

PLA2 :

Phospholipase A2

PIP2 :

Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate

PIP3 :

Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

PKC:

Protein kinase C

PGI2 :

Prostacyclin

PGs:

Prostaglandins

RTKs:

Receptor tyrosine kinase

RXR:

Retinoid X receptor

TXs:

Thromboxane

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

5-HETE:

5-Hydroxytetraenoic acid

FLAP:

5-LOX activating protein

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank University Grants Commission, Government of India, for providing JRF (RGNF) to SG. SR is working as a JRF on a research grant funded by Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar Raibereli Road, Lucknow, 226025, UP, India

    Swetlana Gautam, Subhadeep Roy, Shubhini A. Saraf & Gaurav Kaithwas

  2. Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Mohd Nazam Ansari & Abdulaziz S. Saeedan

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  1. Swetlana Gautam
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  2. Subhadeep Roy
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  4. Abdulaziz S. Saeedan
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  5. Shubhini A. Saraf
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Correspondence to Gaurav Kaithwas.

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Gautam, S., Roy, S., Ansari, M.N. et al. DuCLOX-2/5 inhibition: a promising target for cancer chemoprevention. Breast Cancer 24, 180–190 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12282-016-0723-2

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