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Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Improved Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars in Southern Ethiopia

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Abstract

Use of nutrient efficient crop species or cultivars within species in combination with improved crop production practices offer the best option for meeting the future food requirements of growing world populations. Efficiency improvement has a key role for nutrient use and it improves both productivity of yield and minimizes risks of losses that potentially harm the environment. To improve nutrient use efficiency (NUE), one strategy is to select cultivars of crops with high NUE. Both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are among essential macronutrients commonly applied to agricultural crops to optimize yields. Evaluation of potato cultivars with high N and P efficiency is essential for sustainable production of the crop. In Ethiopia, however, little research has been done to elucidate better NUE of potato crop until recently. This study was, thus, designed to evaluate selected potato cultivars (Belete, Gudene, Jalene, Marachere and one local check) for NP use efficiency under low levels of the nutrients in Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia during 2014 and 2015. Factorial combination of 3 levels of each N (0, 55.5 and 111 kg N ha−1 ) and P (0, 19.5 and 39 kg P ha−1 ) were assigned to the main plots and the 5 cultivars to subplots of split-plot design in three replications. Efficiency indices such as agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency and recovery efficiency were computed for combined NP nutrients. Results showed that agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, apparent phosphorus use efficiency and phosphorus use efficiencies were significantly influenced by the interaction effect of rates of NP nutrition and variety. Application of NP more than 55.5:19.5 kg ha−1 will not beneficial due to their less or equal use and recovery efficiencies to 55.5:19.5 kg NP ha−1. Belete was the most NP efficient variety followed by Jalene and Gudene in all efficiency indices. Therefore, Belete, Jalene and Gudene return better for NP at 55.5:19.5 kg ha−1 for economical use of fertilizes while obtaining satisfactory yield. It can be concluded that yield response variation of the varieties was related to their differences in NP uptake and use efficiencies; and the improved potato varieties were superior to local check in using NP nutrients efficiently.

Resumen

El uso de especies de cultivos o de variedades dentro de especies eficientes en el aprovechamiento de nutrientes, en combinación con otras prácticas mejoradas en la producción de cultivos, ofrecen la mejor opción para satisfacer los requerimientos futuros de alimentos de las poblaciones mundiales en expansión. El mejoramiento en la eficiencia tiene un papel clave para el uso de nutrientes y mejora tanto la productividad del rendimiento como la disminución de riesgos de pérdidas que dañan potencialmente al ambiente. Para mejorar el uso eficiente de nutrientes (NUE), una estrategia es seleccionar las variedades de los cultivos con alto NUE. Tanto el nitrógeno (N) como el fósforo (P) están entre los macronutrientes esenciales aplicados comúnmente a los cultivos agrícolas para optimizar los rendimientos. La evaluación de variedades de papa con alta eficiencia de N y P es esencial para la producción sustentable del cultivo. De aquí que, este estudio se diseñó para evaluar variedades seleccionadas de papa (Bellete, Gudene, Jalene, Marachere, y una local como testigo) respecto al uso eficiente de N y P en condiciones de bajos niveles de los nutrientes en Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia, durante 2014 y 2015. Se asignaron tres niveles de N (0, 55.5, y 111 kg N ha-1) y tres niveles de P (0, 19.5, y 39 kg P ha-1) para los lotes principales, y las cinco variedades fueron las sub-parcelas de un diseño de parcelas divididas en tres repeticiones. Los resultados revelaron que Bellete era la variedad más eficiente para N y P, seguida por Jalene, Gudene y Marachere, con nivel bajo de fertilidad (55.5:19.5 kg NP ha-1), que con el nivel más alto (111:39 kg NP ha-1), mientras que la variedad testigo local se encontró que fue la última en eficiencia para N y P. En conclusión, las variedades mejoradas de papa probadas fueron superiores mientras que la variedad local fue inferior en el uso eficiente de los nutrientes N y P.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Ethiopian Ministry of Education for the financial aid. We also thank the Agricultural Bureau of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, Ethiopia for the allowance of soil and tissue laboratory analysis.

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  1. Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia

    Gebru Hailu & Belew Derbew

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O.Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

    Dechassa Nigussie

  3. Department of Postharvest Management, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia

    Mohammed Ali

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Hailu, G., Nigussie, D., Ali, M. et al. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Improved Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars in Southern Ethiopia. Am. J. Potato Res. 94, 617–631 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-017-9600-6

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