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Estimation of genetic diversity and its exploitation in plant breeding

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Abstract

Estimation of genetic diversity is a prerequisite to select genetically diverse parents. Availability and collection of genetically diverse parents contribute significantly towards the selection and utilization of promising parents in plant breeding to develop a commercial variety or hybrid. Germplasm is an important source for various qualitative and quantitative traits that may be used to introgress through combination breeding for the improvement of the existing cultivars or development of new cultivars and hybrids by using marker assisted selection. Genetic diversity refers to the variations among the alleles of a gene and it may be examined at nucleotide level in the DNA sequence. Various classical and DNA tools are available to access genetic diversity at morphological and molecular levels and can be expressed in the form of dendrogram, percentage polymorphic loci and genetic distance. Estimation of genetic diversity using molecular techniques is more reliable as it is based on highly polymorphic molecular markers which remain unaffected by the influence of environment. Genetically diverse genotypes are used as valuable source by the plant breeders for the development of new or improved crop varieties with desirable traits to cope up the biotic and abiotic stresses such as drought tolerant, salt tolerant, insect pest and disease resistance etc. This article reviews various traditional to molecular methods used in estimation of genetic diversity and their exploitations in plant breeding programme.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to all reviewers whose critical comments and suggestions helped to improve the quality of this article. The authors received no specific funding for this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, India

    Hausila Prasad Singh

  2. School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India

    Om Prakash Raigar

  3. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, India

    Rakesh Kumar Chahota

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  1. Hausila Prasad Singh
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  3. Rakesh Kumar Chahota
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Singh, H.P., Raigar, O.P. & Chahota, R.K. Estimation of genetic diversity and its exploitation in plant breeding. Bot. Rev. 88, 413–435 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-021-09274-y

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