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Wax from Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics as a Potential Source of Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage

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Abstract

Over the past half-century, plastic consumption has grown rapidly due to its versatility, low cost, and unrivaled functional properties. Among the different implemented strategies for recycling waste plastics, pyrolysis is deemed the most economical option. Currently, the wax obtained from the pyrolysis of waste plastics is mainly used as a feedstock to manufacture chemicals and fuels or added to asphalt for pavement construction, with no other applications of wax being reported. Herein, the thermal pyrolysis of three common waste polyolefin plastics: high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polypropylene (PP), was conducted at 450 °C. The waste plastics-derived waxes were characterized and studied for a potential new application: phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage (TES). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that paraffin makes up most of the composition of HDPE and LDPE waxes, whereas PP wax contains a mixture of naphthene, isoparaffin, olefin, and paraffin. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that HDPE and LDPE waxes have a peak melting temperature of 33.8 °C and 40.3 °C, with a relatively high latent heat of 103.2 J/g and 88.3 J/g, respectively, whereas the PP wax was found to have almost negligible latent heat. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and DSC results revealed good chemical and thermal stability of HDPE and LDPE waxes after 100 cycles of thermal cycling. Performance evaluation of the waxes was also conducted using a thermal storage pad to understand their thermoregulation characteristics for TES applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge financial support from Individual Research Grant (Grant reference No.: A20E7c0109) of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore (A*STAR).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore

    Pin Jin Ong, Zhi Xiong Jerry Heng, Zhenxiang Xing, Hnin Yu Yu Ko, Pei Wang, Hongfei Liu, Rong Ji, Xizu Wang, Beng Hoon Tan, Zibiao Li, Jian Wei Xu, Xian Jun Loh, Enyi Ye & Qiang Zhu

  2. Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore

    Zibiao Li, Jian Wei Xu, Xian Jun Loh, Enyi Ye & Qiang Zhu

  3. Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore

    Jian Wei Xu

  4. Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, #03-09 EA, Singapore, 117575, Singapore

    Xian Jun Loh

  5. School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore

    Enyi Ye & Qiang Zhu

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  1. Pin Jin Ong
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Correspondence to Xian Jun Loh, Enyi Ye or Qiang Zhu.

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Ong, P.J., Heng, Z.X.J., Xing, Z. et al. Wax from Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics as a Potential Source of Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage. Trans. Tianjin Univ. 29, 225–234 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-022-00346-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-022-00346-7

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