Abstract
A double signal enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor system was developed, which involved graphene-based magnetic dispersion solid-phase extraction (MDSPE) and carboxylated graphene oxide (GO-COOH) materials as amplifying elements in order to achieve real-time determinations of estradiol (E2), diethylstilboestrol (DES), and bisphenol A (BPA) via an indirect competition method. In this work, the graphene-based MDSPE materials were synthesized using the chemical co-precipitation method, with a maximum enrichment efficiency of 500 times. To improve the detection sensitivity, the complete antigen (E2-BSA, DES-BSA, and BPA-BSA) was conjugated on the GO-COOH-modified gold chips for signal amplification. Furthermore, the GO-COOH materials could also significantly improve the performance and stability of the immobilized E2-BSA, DES-BSA, or BPA-BSA conjugations. Real-time SPR signals were obtained while mixing the targets (E2, DES, BPA) with anti-target monoclonal antibodies (E2-mAb, DES-mAb, BPA-mAb) at a 1:1 volume ratio. After optimizing the experimental conditions, the minimum detection limits (LOD) of E2, DES, and BPA were 3.605 × 10−6 ng/mL, 2.901 × 10−6 ng/mL, and 5.169 × 10−5 ng/mL, respectively. This simple, accurate, and stable method combined the advantages of two types of graphene materials to simplify the complicated pre-treatment and detection procedures. This study demonstrates a presumable and general method for detecting estrogen-like small molecules in the environment and in food.
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Funding
This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFC1603500), Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (No. 17JCQNJC12500), and Tianjin Scientific and Technology Support Program Funding Agency (No. 16YFZCNC00730).
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Lijie Qu declares that he has no conflict of interest. Jialei Bai declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yuan Peng declares that he has no conflict of interest. Dianpeng Han declares that he has no conflict of interest. Baoan Ning declares that he has no conflict of interest. Huanying Zhou declares that he has no conflict of interest. Shuang Li declares that he has no conflict of interest. Zhixian Gao declares that he has no conflict of interest.
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Qu, L., Bai, J., Peng, Y. et al. Detection of Three Different Estrogens in Milk Employing SPR Sensors Based on Double Signal Amplification Using Graphene. Food Anal. Methods 14, 54–65 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-020-01852-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-020-01852-x