Abstract
Room temperature excitation-emission matrices (EEMs), recorded using front-face fluorescence spectroscopy, and combined with second-order multiway classification methods, were explored as potential tools for controlling the storage conditions of extra virgin olive oil samples (EVOO). Factors such as UV-irradiation, sunlight exposition and temperature up to 80 °C were studied. For each sample, EEMs were obtained in two spectral regions, corresponding to polyphenols, and chlorophyll and derivatives, respectively. The full fluorescence information of excitation-emission matrices was processed with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and PARAFAC supervised by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The models allowed the discrimination between non-irradiated and irradiated EVOO samples, in both spectral regions. With a temperature of 80 °C, and a heating time of 30 min, the formation of secondary oxidation products was appreciable. In these conditions, the first component of PARAFAC showed a remarkable modification in its profile and LDA-PARAFAC allowed the discrimination between non-heated and heated EVOO samples.
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Funding
This work was financially supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain (Project CTQ2017-82496-P) and Junta de Extremadura (GR18041-Research Group FQM003, and Project IB16058), both cofinanced by the Fondo Social Europeo. Jaime Domínguez Manzano is grateful to UEx for a PCI position.
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Jaime Domínguez Manzano declares that he has no conflict of interest. Arsenio Muñoz de la Peña declares that he has no conflict of interest. Isabel Durán Merás declares that she has no conflict of interest.
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Domínguez Manzano, J., Muñoz de la Peña, A. & Durán Merás, I. Front-Face Fluorescence Combined with Second-Order Multiway Classification, Based on Polyphenol and Chlorophyll Compounds, for Virgin Olive Oil Monitoring Under Different Photo- and Thermal-Oxidation Procedures. Food Anal. Methods 12, 1399–1411 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-019-01471-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-019-01471-1