Abstract
Determination of minerals is important for quality control of animal foods and sample preparation is a critical step to obtain fast, accurate, and reliable results. Extraction using dilute acid solutions is an interesting alternative due to its simplicity, softness, and safety. However, most extraction procedures are performed in batch mode, which generally is more time consuming, laborious, and susceptible to errors than those made either in flow or in flow-batch mode. We evaluated here a flow-batch extraction system for on-line determination of minerals in dried animal foods by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The designed flow-batch extraction system allowed fast, simple, and reliable on-line determination of minerals in dried animal foods by ICP OES. Moreover, it is inexpensive and simple to build, which makes its application feasible in routine analysis. The optimized extraction condition was performed using 50 mg of dried animal tissue sample, 10 mL of 4% V V−1 HCl, and 4 min of extraction time. The accuracy of the flow-batch extraction procedure was demonstrated using certified reference materials of bovine liver.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Da-Col JA, Domene SMA, Pereira-Filho ER (2009) Fast determination of Cd, Fe, Pb, and Zn in food using AAS. Food Anal Methods 2(2):110–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-008-9041-4
Da Silva JCJ, Cadore S, Nobrega JA, Baccan N (2007) Dilute-and-shoot procedure for the determination of mineral constituents in vinegar samples by axially viewed inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Food Addit Contam 24(2):130–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030600931970
Domingo JL (2016) Nutrients and chemical pollutants in fish and shellfish. Balancing health benefits and risks of regular fish consumption. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 56(6):979–988. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2012.742985
Diniz PHGD, Almeida LF, Harding DP, Araújo MCU (2012) Flow-batch analysis. Trends Anal Chem 25:39–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2012.02.009
Donati GL, Nascentes CC, Nogueira ARA, Arruda MAZ, Nóbrega JA (2006) Acid extraction and cloud point preconcentration as sample preparation strategies for cobalt determination in biological materials by thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchem J 82(2):189–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2006.01.006
Froes RES, Borges Neto W, Silva NOCE et al (2009) Multivariate optimization by exploratory analysis applied to the determination of microelements in fruit juice by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Spectrochim Acta Part B At Spectrosc 64(6):619–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2009.06.006
Herrera MC, Luque de Castro MD (2002) Dynamic approach based on iterative change of the flow direction for microwave-assisted leaching of cadmium and lead from plant prior to GF-AAS. J Anal At Spectrom 17(11):1530–1533. https://doi.org/10.1039/b204729m
Kouvari M, Tyrovolas S, Panagiotakos DB (2017) Red meat consumption and healthy ageing: a review. Maturitas 84:17–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.11.006
Liu J, Sandahl M, Sjöberg PJR, Turner C (2014) Pressurised hot water extraction in continuous flow mode for thermolabile compounds: extraction of polyphenols in red onions. Anal Bioanal Chem 406(2):441–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7370-7
Manutsewee N, Aeungmaitrepirom W, Varanusupakul P, Imyim A (2007) Determination of Cd, Cu, and Zn in fish and mussel by AAS after ultrasound-assisted acid leaching extraction. Food Chem 101(2):817–824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.12.033
Marques TL, Nóbrega JA (2017) Fast and simple flow-batch extraction procedure for screening of macro and micronutrients in dried plant leaves by ICP OES. Microchem J 134:27–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2017.05.002
Marques TL, Wiltsche H, Motter H et al (2015) High pressure microwave-assisted flow digestion system using a large volume reactor-feasibility for further analysis by inductively coupled plasma-based techniques. J Anal At Spectrom 30(9):1898–1905. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5JA00194C
Moreno-Cid A, Yebra MC (2002) Flow injection determination of copper in mussels by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after on-line continuous ultrasound-assisted extraction. Spectrochim Acta Part B At Spectrosc 57(5):967–974. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(02)00030-7
Murphy SP, Allen LH (2003) Nutritional importance of animal source foods. J Nutr 133(11 Suppl 2):3932S–3935S
Oreste EQ, de Oliveira RM, Nunes AM et al (2013) Sample preparation methods for determination of Cd, Pb and Sn in meat samples by GFAAS: use of acid digestion associated with a cold finger apparatus versus solubilization methods. Anal Methods 5(6):1590–1595. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ay26454h
Wu L, Hu M, Li Z, Song Y, Yu C, Zhang H, Yu A, Ma Q, Wang Z (2016) Dynamic microwave-assisted extraction combined with continuous-flow microextraction for determination of pesticides in vegetables. Food Chem 192:596–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.055
Yebra-Biurrun MC, Cancela-Pérez S, Moreno-Cid-Barinaga A (2005a) Coupling continuous ultrasound-assisted extraction, preconcentration and flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection for the determination of cadmium and lead in mussel samples. Anal Chim Acta 533(1):51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2004.11.006
Yebra-Biurrun MC, Moreno-Cid A, Cancela-Pérez S (2005b) Fast on-line ultrasound-assisted extraction coupled to a flow injection-atomic absorption spectrometric system for zinc determination in meat samples. Talanta 66(3):691–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2004.12.019
Yebra MC, Moreno-Cid A (2003) On-line determination of manganese in solid seafood samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 477(1):149–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(02)01396-X
You J, Gao S, Jin H, Li W, Zhang H, Yu A (2010) On-line continuous flow ultrasonic extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatographic separation for determination of the flavonoids from root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. J Chromatogr A 1217(12):1875–1881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.050
Acknowledgements
The authors are also grateful to Analítica (Brazil), Bergh of (Germany), and Thermo-Scientific (USA) for instrumental support and Prof. Dr. Elisabete Aparecida Nadai Fernandes and Ph.D. Márcio Arruda Bacchi of Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo (Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil) for determining particle size distribution of samples.
Funding
The authors acknowledge support from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil, fellowships 140474/2013-7 PPGQ-UFSCar provided to T.L.M. and research support provided to J.A.N. by grant 303107/2013-8).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
Thiago Linhares Marques declares that he has no conflict of interest. Joaquim Araújo Nóbrega declares that he has no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Marques, T.L., Nóbrega, J.A. Application of a Flow-Batch Extraction System for On-Line Determination of Minerals in Animal Foods by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Food Anal. Methods 11, 1243–1249 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-1112-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-1112-y