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Lay Awareness of the Relationship between Age and Cancer Risk

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Annals of Behavioral Medicine

Abstract

Background

Cross-sectional studies suggest many people are unaware that cancer risk increases with age, but this misbelief has rarely been studied prospectively, nor are its moderators known.

Purpose

To assess whether people recognize that cancer risk increases with age and whether beliefs differ according to gender, education, smoking status, and family history of cancer.

Methods

First, items from the cross-sectional Health Information National Trends Survey (n = 2069) were analyzed to examine the association of age and perceived cancer risk. Second, the prospective National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (n = 3896) was used to assess whether perceived cancer risk changes over a decade. Third, beliefs about the age at which cancer occurs were analyzed using the US Awareness and Beliefs about Cancer survey (n = 1080). As a comparator, perceived risk of heart disease was also examined.

Results

Cross-sectionally, older age was associated with lower perceived cancer risk but higher perceived heart disease risk. Prospectively, perceived cancer risk remained stable, whereas perceived heart attack risk increased. Seventy percent of participants reported a belief that cancer is equally likely to affect people of any age. Across three surveys, women and former smokers/smokers who recently quit tended to misunderstand the relationship between age and cancer risk and also expressed relatively higher perceived cancer risk overall.

Conclusions

Data from three national surveys indicated that people are unaware that age is a risk factor for cancer. Moreover, those who were least aware perceived the highest risk of cancer regardless of age.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9761, USA

    Jennifer M. Taber PhD, William M. P. Klein PhD & Jerry M. Suls PhD

  2. Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9761, USA

    Rebecca A. Ferrer PhD

Authors
  1. Jennifer M. Taber PhD
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  2. William M. P. Klein PhD
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  3. Jerry M. Suls PhD
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  4. Rebecca A. Ferrer PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to William M. P. Klein PhD.

Ethics declarations

Authors Statement of Conflict of Interest and Adherence to Ethical Standards

Jennifer M. Taber, William M.P. Klein, Jerry M. Suls, and Rebecca A. Ferrer declare that they have no conflict of interest. All procedures, including the informed consent process, were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000.

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Taber, J.M., Klein, W.M.P., Suls, J.M. et al. Lay Awareness of the Relationship between Age and Cancer Risk. ann. behav. med. 51, 214–225 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9845-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9845-1

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