Abstract
Sociology is a multiparadigmatic discipline, increasingly feminized, but in some of the discipline’s subfields certain theoretical tools and methods dominate over others, and gender integration is stalled. Why so? I examine the intellectual trajectory of the new economic sociology to highlight the role of academic familism, disciplinary spillover prestige, and gender for privileging the networks perspective, over other intellectual currents, in the early developments of the subfield. First, academic familism in a form of cross generational mentor-mentee relationships reinforced networks-based research among early champions of the new economic sociology, such as Harrison White and Mark Granovetter and their students. Second, the network perspective thrived on spillover prestige from natural sciences, which also embraced the study of networks, as well as from economics. Third, alignment with methodological and gender hierarchies in the discipline of sociology privileged the quantitative male-led network analyses over other approaches, such as cultural or inequality analysis. Providing an interpretation of the history of economic sociology, this article also reveals the mechanisms that stall gender integration within sociological subfields despite broader trends in feminization of our discipline.
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Notes
This section draws on research reported in Bandelj (2015).
Following Bucior and Sica (Bucior and Sica 2019), my research assistant and I relied mostly on names and pictures available online to determine each faculty member’s sex. We also checked the author’s personal website where the biography write-up would give indicators of the person’s pronouns.
Here, we do not count that an article is female-led if a woman is listed as a first author on a multi-author publication with authors listed in alphabetical order. If we count those, we would add an additional 5 articles, and then the share would be 71 out of 217 articles, or 32.7%.
These membership reports were available to the author because of her roles in the leadership of the ASA Economic Sociology section.
DiMaggio is a contributor in economic sociology who is not easily associated with any one intellectual current. He has provided some central theoretical and overview statements in cultural economic sociology, including in The Structures of Capital (1990, with Sharon Zukin), where the idea of cultural embeddedness was introduced together with structural/network embeddedness. The other contribution was the chapter on “Culture and Economy” for the first edition of the Handbook of Economic Sociology (Smelser and Swedberg1994). However, DiMaggio has also contributed to the network perspective (DiMaggio 1993; DiMaggio and Louch 1998), and, together with Woody Powell, wrote a famous piece in organizational theory, which is identified as the third theoretical strand in the new economic sociology, after the dominance of networks and role of culture (Swedberg 1997).
While this is not the focus of this article, it is rather astonishing that the representation of scholars of color is also very slight in the subfield of economic sociology (ASA 2019), and that analyses that focus on race/ethnicity from an economic sociology perspective are largely missing. Again, this omission is glaring next to the fact that Race, Gender and Class as well as Racial and Ethnic Minorities ASA sections are in the top five by the size of membership, with 977 and 924 members in 2018. Specifically, the ASA (ASA 2019) lists that 7.26% of members identify as African American, but economic sociology has only 1.64% who identify as such. For those who identify as Hispanic/Latinx, they are 5.47% among ASA members, and 4.65% in economic sociology section.
For instance, likely for the very first time since the economic sociology section formation in 2001, at the 2017 and 2018 ASA annual meetings, at least one of the regular sessions in economic sociology (which are not specified by topic ahead of time) have focused on economic inequality because submitted papers (and organizers’ openness to those papers) reflected this focus.
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Acknowledgements
I would like to thank organizers and participants at the session on Feminist Perspectives in Sociological Subfields at the 2016 American Sociological Association (ASA) meetings, and at the History of Sociology session at the 2017 ASA Meetings, especially Orit Avishai, Christine Williams, Erin Leahy, Sharon Koppman, as well as Viviana Zelizer for extensive discussions. Elizabeth Sowers and Celeste Villarreal provided excellent research assistance. I am grateful to Editor Lawrence Nichols for energetic engagement with the ideas and valuable suggestions.
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Bandelj, N. Academic Familism, Spillover Prestige and Gender Segregation in Sociology Subfields: The Trajectory of Economic Sociology. Am Soc 50, 488–508 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-019-09421-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-019-09421-4