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Cytokines and HCV-related autoimmune disorders

  • PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
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Abstract

Cytokines are intercellular mediators involved in viral control and liver damage being induced by infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The complex cytokine network operating during initial infection allows a coordinated, effective development of both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, HCV interferes with cytokines at various levels and escapes immune response by inducing a T-helper (Th)2/T cytotoxic 2 cytokine profile. Inability to control infection leads to the recruitment of inflammatory infiltrates into the liver parenchyma by interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)9, -10, and -11 chemokines, which results in sustained liver damage and eventually in liver cirrhosis. The most important systemic HCV-related extrahepatic diseases—mixed cryoglobulinemia, lymphoproliferative disorders, thyroid autoimmune disorders, and type 2 diabetes—are associated with a complex dysregulation of the cytokine/chemokine network, involving proinflammatory and Th1 chemokines. The therapeutical administration of cytokines such as IFN-α may result in viral clearance during persistent infection and revert this process. Theoretically agents that selectively neutralize CXCL10 could increase patient responsiveness to traditional IFN-based HCV therapy. Several studies have reported IL-28B polymorphisms and circulating CXCL10 may be a prognostic markers for HCV treatment efficacy in HCV genotype 1 infection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy

    Alessandro Antonelli, Silvia Martina Ferrari, Ilaria Ruffilli & Poupak Fallahi

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  1. Alessandro Antonelli
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  2. Silvia Martina Ferrari
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  3. Ilaria Ruffilli
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  4. Poupak Fallahi
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Correspondence to Alessandro Antonelli.

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Antonelli, A., Ferrari, S.M., Ruffilli, I. et al. Cytokines and HCV-related autoimmune disorders. Immunol Res 60, 311–319 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-014-8569-1

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