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Atlas-Based Classification Algorithms for Identification of Informative Brain Regions in fMRI Data

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Abstract

Multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) has been successfully applied to neuroimaging data due to its larger sensitivity compared to univariate traditional techniques. Searchlight is the most widely employed approach to assign functional value to different regions of the brain. However, its performance depends on the size of the sphere, which can overestimate the region of activation when a large sphere size is employed. In the current study, we examined the validity of two different alternatives to Searchlight: an atlas-based local averaging method (ABLA, Schrouff et al. Neuroinformatics 16, 117–143, 2013a) and a Multi-Kernel Learning (MKL, Rakotomamonjy et al. Journal of Machine Learning 9, 2491–2521, 2008) approach, in a scenario where the goal is to find the informative brain regions that support certain mental operations. These methods employ weights to measure the informativeness of a brain region and highly reduce the large computational cost that Searchlight entails. We evaluated their performance in two different scenarios where the differential BOLD activation between experimental conditions was large vs. small, and employed nine different atlases to assess the influence of diverse brain parcellations. Results show that both methods were able to localize informative regions when differences between conditions were large, demonstrating a large sensitivity and stability in the identification of regions across atlases. Moreover, the sign of the weights reported by these methods provided the directionality of univariate approaches. However, when differences were small, only ABLA localized informative regions. Thus, our results show that atlas-based methods are useful alternatives to Searchlight, but that the nature of the classification to perform should be taken into account when choosing the specific method to implement.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Janaina Mourão-Miranda for her kind help during the development of the algorithms employed in the current research.

Funding

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through grant PSI2016–78236-P to M.R and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through grant BES-2014-069609 to J.E.A.

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  1. Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain

    Juan E. Arco, Paloma Díaz-Gutiérrez & María Ruz

  2. Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

    Javier Ramírez

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  1. Juan E. Arco
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Correspondence to María Ruz.

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Arco, J.E., Díaz-Gutiérrez, P., Ramírez, J. et al. Atlas-Based Classification Algorithms for Identification of Informative Brain Regions in fMRI Data. Neuroinform 18, 219–236 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12021-019-09435-w

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